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Descripción: “...The United  Nations’  General Assembly  adopted and  proclaimed the Universal  Declaration of Human Rights once the  Second World  War and  its concomitant horrors  had  ended, stating  inarticle  27 that,  “Everyone  has the  right freely to participate in the  cultural  life of the  community, to enjoy  the  arts and  to share  in scientific advancement and  its benefits,”  and,  “Everyone  has the right to the protection of the moral and  material  interests resulting  from any scientific,  literary or artistic production of which  he is the  author.”The World  Medical Association’s  Declaration of Helsinki may be added to the  foregoing; it stated that  a research proposal’s pro- tocol  should  be submitted to an independent organ  for its, “consideration, comment, guidance and approval,” thereby giving birth to what  is known today  as a “Research Ethics Committee” (REC). ...”

Descripción: “...lucifer and possibly C. t. medemi which has not yet been studied genetically).Based on our cytogenetic finds from cell cultures from 11 specimens from different populations of Callicebus, we have found that our karyological data are concordant with the species groups and permit us to differentiate C. ornatus, C. caquetensis and C. discolor as independent species in the cupreus group. In the torquatus group there were no detectable differences between a “lugens” phenotype from Florencia, Caquetá and a C. t. lucifer from the Colombian trapezium (both were 2n=20), increasing the distribution of the species with that karyotype in the Colombian Amazon.Although initially we supposed that C. lugens (2n=16) was not present in the Colombian Amazon, the discovery of a C. lugens (2n=16) in the Matacaña Zoo strongly suggests the presence of this species in the Colombian Orinoco, although this must be confirmed with field studies.Based on our results a discussion of the evolutionary process in chromosomes is presented for this monogamous, territorial primate genus and some hypotheses regarding the evolution of this group are proposed.Key Words: karyotype, chromosome evolution, Callicebus, cytotaxonomy. ...”

Descripción: “...Pigs established three well differentiated areas of the deep bedding substrate: dirty area, humid area and resting area independently of animal density or substrate density. ...”

Descripción: “...The  data corresponding to each genetic group were analyzed independently  using a mixed model with repeated measurement data. ...”