Validación preliminar del modelo de liderazgo espiritual de Fry en trabajadores colombianos y ecuatorianos.

Validación preliminar del modelo de liderazgo espiritual de Fry en trabajadores colombianos y ecuatorianos.

El propósito de este estudio fue examinar la validez del modelo de liderazgo espiritual propuesto por Fry (2003). Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Liderazgo Espiritual [SLT] (Fry & Matherly, 2006), a 279 trabajadores de Colombia y Ecuador. Ambas muestras fueron equivalentes respecto a sexo, edad, nivel de formación y experiencia laboral. De acuerdo con los resultados, todas las dimensiones del instrumento, excepto la de compromiso, demostraron ser altamente consistentes (alpha superior a .85). Asimismo, se encontró que solo un ítem de los 35 que componen el instrumento presentó baja correlación ítem- escala. En la mayoría de los casos, las relaciones entre las variables y los índic... Ver más

Guardado en:

Acta Colombiana de Psicología

0123-9155

1909-9711

Fierro, Isidro

Esguerra Pérez, Gustavo Adolfo

Contreras Torres, Francoise Venezia

Espinosa Méndez, Juan Carlos

UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE COLOMBIA

10.14718/ACP.2017.20.1.9

20

2016-01-01

177

189

Colombia

Bem-estar espiritual

Propriedades psicométricas

Desempenho organizacional

Liderança espiritual

Propiedades psicométricas

Desempeño organizacional

Bienestar espiritual

Liderazgo espiritual

http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Juan Carlos Espinosa Méndez - 2017

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spelling Validación preliminar del modelo de liderazgo espiritual de Fry en trabajadores colombianos y ecuatorianos.
González?Romá, V. (2008). La innovación en los equipos de trabajo. Papeles del psicólogo, 29(1), 32-40.
Malone, P. F., & Fry, L. W. (2003). Transforming schools through spiritual leadership: A field experiment. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, Seattle, WA.
Madera, J. M., & Smith, D. B. (2009). The effects of leader negative emotions on evaluations of leadership in a crisis situation: The role of anger and sadness. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(2), 103-114.
Longenecker, J. G., McKinney J. A., & Moore, C. W. (2004). Ethics in Small Business. Journal of Small Business Management, 27(1), 27-31.
Klenke, K. (2013). Integrating leadership and spirituality in the workplace through coalescing values and identity transformations. International Leadership Journal, 5(2), 53-90.
Hinkin, T. (2005). Scale Development: Principles and Practices. In R. A. Swanson & Holton III, E. F. (Eds.), Research in Organizations: Foundations and Methods of Inquiry. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler. Klaus, L., & Fernando, M. (2016). Enacting spiritual leadership in business through ego-transcendence. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 37(1). 71-92.
Herrera, A. N., Sánchez, N., & Jiménez, H. (2001). De la Teoría Clásica de los Test a la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem. Aula Psicológica 3, 293-332.
Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, L. (2014). Metodología de la investigación (6ta ed.). México, D.F.: McGraw-Hill.
Hair, J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (7th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education International.
Hackett, R. D., & Wang, G. (2012). Virtues and leadership: an integrating conceptual framework founded in Aristotelian and Confucian perspectives on virtues. Management Decision, 50(5), 868-899.
Groves, K. S. (2015). Testing a moderated mediation model of transformational leadership, values, and organization change. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2015(1), 17562.
Goleman, D., & Boyatzis, R. (2008). La inteligencia social y la biología del liderazgo. Harvard Business Review, 86(9), 86-95.
Montero, I., & León, O. G. (2007). Guía para nombrar los estudios de investigación en Psicología. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7(3), 847-862.
García, B. (2009). Manual de métodos de investigación para las ciencias sociales. Un enfoque de enseñanza basado en proyectos. México: Manual Moderno.
Frye, J., Kisselburgh, L. G., & Butts, D. (2007). Embracing spiritual followership. Communication Studies, 58(3), 243-260.
Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 835-862.
Fry, L. W., & Matherly, L. (2006). Spiritual leadership and organizational performance: An exploratory study. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, Atlanta, Georgia.
Fry, L. W., Hannah, S. T, Noel, M., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2011). Impact of spiritual leadership on unit performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 259-270.
Fry, L. W. (2008). Spiritual leadership: State of the art and future directions for theory, research, and practice. In J. Biberman & L. Tishman (Eds.), Spirituality in business: Theory, practice, and future directions (pp. 515-528). New York: Palgrave.
Fry, L. W. (2005). Toward a paradigm of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16 (4), 619-622.
Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693-727.
Fairholm, M. R. (2002). Conceiving leadership: Exploring five perspectives of leadership by investigating the conceptions and experiences of selected metropolitan Washington area municipal managers. Ann Arbor, MI. Public Administration.
Fairholm, G. W. (1998). Perspectives on leadership: From the science of management to its spiritual heart. Westport, Connecticut: Quorum Books.
Fairholm, G. W. (1996). Spiritual leadership: fulfilling wholeself needs at work. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 17 (5), 11-17.
Mitroff, I. I., & Denton, E. A. (1999). A Spiritual Audit of Corporate America, A Hard Look at Spirituality, Religion, and Values. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Moore, T. W., & Casper, W. J. (2006). An Examination of Proxy Measures of Workplace Spirituality: A Profile Model of Multidimensional Constructs. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 6, 109-118.
DeRue, D. S., Nahrgang, J. D., Wellman, N., & Humphrey, S. E. (2011). Trait and behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Personnel Psychology, 64, 7-52.
Weitz, E., Vardi, Y., & Setter, O. (2012). Spirituality and organizational misbehavior. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 9(3), 255-281.
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Yusof, H. M., Kadir, H. A., & Mahfar, M. (2014). The role of emotions in leadership. Asian Social Science, 10(10), 41-49.
Word, J. (2012). Engaging work as a calling: examining the link between spirituality and job involvement. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 9(2) 147-166.
Wang, X. H., & Howell, J. M. (2010). Exploring the dual-level effects of transformational leadership on followers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 1134-1144.
Mumford, M. D., Friedrich, T. L., Caughron, J. J., & Byrne, C. L. (2007). Leader cognition in real-world settings: How do leaders think about crises? The Leadership Quarterly, 18(6), 515-543.
Usman, A., & Danish, R., Q. (2010). Leadership Spirituality in Banking Professionals and Its Impact on Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(3) 185-193.
Steers, R. M., Sanchez-Runde C. J., & Nardon, L. (2012). Culture, cognition, and managerial leadership. Asia Pacific Business Review, 18(3), 425-439.
Sanders, J. E., Hopkins, W. E., & Geroy, G. D. (2003). From transactional to transcendental: Toward an integrated theory of leadership. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(4), 21-31.
Ruíz, M., Pardo, A., & San Martín, R. (2010). Modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Papeles del Psicólogo, 31(1), 34-45.
Reave, L. (2005). Spiritual values and practices related to leadership effectiveness. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 655-687.
Rajah, R., Song, Z., & Arvey, R. D. (2011). Emotionality and leadership: Taking stock of the past decade of research. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(6), 1107-1119.
Phipps, K. A. (2012). Spirituality and strategic leadership: The influence of spiritual beliefs on strategic decision making. Journal of Business Ethics, 106(2), 177-189.
Passmore, D. L., & Baker, R. M. (2005). Sampling Strategies and Power Analysis. In R. A. Swanson & Holton III, E. F. (Eds.), Research in Organizations: Foundations and Methods of Inquiry. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
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Nicolae, M., Ion, I., & Nicolae, E. (2013). The Research Agenda of Spiritual Leadership. Where Do We Stand? Review of International Comparative Management, 14(4), 551-566.
Mumford, M. D., Watts, L. L., & Partlow, P. J. (2015). Leader cognition: Approaches and findings. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(3), 301-306.
Durán, M. G., & Castañeda, D. I. (2015). Relación entre liderazgo transformacional y transaccional con la conducta de compartir conocimiento en dos empresas de servicios. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 18(1), 135-147.
Dinh, J., Lord, R., Gardner, W., Meuser, J., Liden, R., & Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives. The Leadership Quarterly, 25, 36-62.
DePree, M. (1997). Leading without power: Finding hope in serving community. Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Bem-estar espiritual
application/pdf
application/pdf
Artículo de revista
Núm. 1 , Año 2017 :Acta Colombiana de Psicología
1
20
Propriedades psicométricas
Desempenho organizacional
Liderança espiritual
Acta Colombiana de Psicología
Propiedades psicométricas
Desempeño organizacional
Bienestar espiritual
Liderazgo espiritual
Fierro, Isidro
Esguerra Pérez, Gustavo Adolfo
Contreras Torres, Francoise Venezia
Espinosa Méndez, Juan Carlos
El propósito de este estudio fue examinar la validez del modelo de liderazgo espiritual propuesto por Fry (2003). Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Liderazgo Espiritual [SLT] (Fry & Matherly, 2006), a 279 trabajadores de Colombia y Ecuador. Ambas muestras fueron equivalentes respecto a sexo, edad, nivel de formación y experiencia laboral. De acuerdo con los resultados, todas las dimensiones del instrumento, excepto la de compromiso, demostraron ser altamente consistentes (alpha superior a .85). Asimismo, se encontró que solo un ítem de los 35 que componen el instrumento presentó baja correlación ítem- escala. En la mayoría de los casos, las relaciones entre las variables y los índices de ajuste del modelo fueron menores a lo reportado por Fry, lo que limitó la validez de constructo. Las evidencias externas de la validez del modelo demostraron que la experiencia laboral y el nivel del cargo son significativos para las dimensiones del liderazgo espiritual. Se discuten estos hallazgos respecto a los requerimientos psicométricos del instrumento y la relación del constructo medido con aspectos del comportamiento organizacional. Finalmente, se señalan las limitaciones del estudio y se hacen recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones.
Universidad Católica de Colombia
Publication
Biberman, J., Whitty, M., & Robbins, L. (1999). Lessons from Oz: Balance and wholeness in organizations. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(3), 243-252.
Chiang, M. M., Salazar, M., & Gómez, N. M. (2014). Estilo de liderazgo y creencias organizacionales en la satisfacción laboral de la Administración Pública de Chile. Revista Icade, 93, 104-122.
Cacioppe, R. (2000). Creating spirit at work: Re-visioning organization development and leadership. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 21(1), 48-54.
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Burnette, J. L., & Williams, L. J. (2005). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM): An Introduction to Basic Techniques and Advanced Issues. In R. A. Swanson & Holton III, E. F. (Eds.), Research in Organizations: Foundations and Methods of Inquiry. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
Allen, K. E., & Cherrey, C. (2000). Systemic leadership: Enriching the meaning of our work. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Aiken, L. (2003). Test psicológicos y evaluación. México: Prentice Hall.
American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, National Council on Measurement in Education, Joint Committee on Standards for Educational & Psychological Testing (US). (1999). Standards for educational and psychological testing. Washington, D. C.: American Educational Research Association.
Carretero-Dios, H., & Pérez, C. (2007). Standards for the development and review of instrumental studies: Considerations about test selection in psychological research. Intemational Joumal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7(3), 863-882.
Juan Carlos Espinosa Méndez - 2017
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Español
Contreras, F., & Juárez, F. (2013). Efecto del capital psicológico sobre las prácticas de liderazgo en pymes colombianas. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 18(62), 247-264.
Crossman, J. (2010). Conceptualizing spiritual leadership in secular organizational contexts and its relation to transformational, servant and environmental leadership. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 31(7), 596-608.
Dent, E. B., Higgins, M. E., & Wharff, D. M. (2005). Spirituality and leadership: An empirical review of definitions, distinctions, and embedded assumptions. The Leadership Quarterly, 6, 625-653.
https://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/view/1073
Spiritual well-being
Journal article
Preliminary validarion of Fry's spiritual leadership model in colombian and ecuadorian workers.
Spiritual leadership
The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the Spiritual Leadership model proposed by Fry (2003). Spiritual Leadership Questionnaire [SLT] (Fry & Matherly, 2006) was applied to 279 workers from Colombia and Ecuador. The two samples were equivalent by sex, age, education level and work experience. According to the results, all dimensions of the questionnaire showed to be highly consistent (alpha above .85) except Commitment dimension. Likewise, it found that just one of 35 items that composed the scale shows low item-scale correlation. In the most of the cases, the relationships between variables as well as the adjustment index of the model were lower than reported by Fry previously, which limited the construct validity. External evidences of validity of the model, demonstrated that the work experience and level of charge were significant for Spiritual Leadership dimensions. These findings were related to the psychometrics requirement of the scale and regarding of measured construct with organizational behavior. Finally, it is point out some research limitations and provide some suggestions for future studies.
Organizational performance
Organizational commitment
0123-9155
https://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/download/1073/1231
https://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/download/1073/1230
1909-9711
189
177
2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
https://doi.org/10.14718/ACP.2017.20.1.9
10.14718/ACP.2017.20.1.9
2016-01-01
institution UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE COLOMBIA
thumbnail https://nuevo.metarevistas.org/UNIVERSIDADCATOLICADECOLOMBIA/logo.png
country_str Colombia
collection Acta Colombiana de Psicología
title Validación preliminar del modelo de liderazgo espiritual de Fry en trabajadores colombianos y ecuatorianos.
spellingShingle Validación preliminar del modelo de liderazgo espiritual de Fry en trabajadores colombianos y ecuatorianos.
Fierro, Isidro
Esguerra Pérez, Gustavo Adolfo
Contreras Torres, Francoise Venezia
Espinosa Méndez, Juan Carlos
Bem-estar espiritual
Propriedades psicométricas
Desempenho organizacional
Liderança espiritual
Propiedades psicométricas
Desempeño organizacional
Bienestar espiritual
Liderazgo espiritual
Spiritual well-being
Spiritual leadership
Organizational performance
Organizational commitment
title_short Validación preliminar del modelo de liderazgo espiritual de Fry en trabajadores colombianos y ecuatorianos.
title_full Validación preliminar del modelo de liderazgo espiritual de Fry en trabajadores colombianos y ecuatorianos.
title_fullStr Validación preliminar del modelo de liderazgo espiritual de Fry en trabajadores colombianos y ecuatorianos.
title_full_unstemmed Validación preliminar del modelo de liderazgo espiritual de Fry en trabajadores colombianos y ecuatorianos.
title_sort validación preliminar del modelo de liderazgo espiritual de fry en trabajadores colombianos y ecuatorianos.
title_eng Preliminary validarion of Fry's spiritual leadership model in colombian and ecuadorian workers.
description El propósito de este estudio fue examinar la validez del modelo de liderazgo espiritual propuesto por Fry (2003). Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Liderazgo Espiritual [SLT] (Fry & Matherly, 2006), a 279 trabajadores de Colombia y Ecuador. Ambas muestras fueron equivalentes respecto a sexo, edad, nivel de formación y experiencia laboral. De acuerdo con los resultados, todas las dimensiones del instrumento, excepto la de compromiso, demostraron ser altamente consistentes (alpha superior a .85). Asimismo, se encontró que solo un ítem de los 35 que componen el instrumento presentó baja correlación ítem- escala. En la mayoría de los casos, las relaciones entre las variables y los índices de ajuste del modelo fueron menores a lo reportado por Fry, lo que limitó la validez de constructo. Las evidencias externas de la validez del modelo demostraron que la experiencia laboral y el nivel del cargo son significativos para las dimensiones del liderazgo espiritual. Se discuten estos hallazgos respecto a los requerimientos psicométricos del instrumento y la relación del constructo medido con aspectos del comportamiento organizacional. Finalmente, se señalan las limitaciones del estudio y se hacen recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones.
description_eng The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the Spiritual Leadership model proposed by Fry (2003). Spiritual Leadership Questionnaire [SLT] (Fry & Matherly, 2006) was applied to 279 workers from Colombia and Ecuador. The two samples were equivalent by sex, age, education level and work experience. According to the results, all dimensions of the questionnaire showed to be highly consistent (alpha above .85) except Commitment dimension. Likewise, it found that just one of 35 items that composed the scale shows low item-scale correlation. In the most of the cases, the relationships between variables as well as the adjustment index of the model were lower than reported by Fry previously, which limited the construct validity. External evidences of validity of the model, demonstrated that the work experience and level of charge were significant for Spiritual Leadership dimensions. These findings were related to the psychometrics requirement of the scale and regarding of measured construct with organizational behavior. Finally, it is point out some research limitations and provide some suggestions for future studies.
author Fierro, Isidro
Esguerra Pérez, Gustavo Adolfo
Contreras Torres, Francoise Venezia
Espinosa Méndez, Juan Carlos
author_facet Fierro, Isidro
Esguerra Pérez, Gustavo Adolfo
Contreras Torres, Francoise Venezia
Espinosa Méndez, Juan Carlos
topicspa_str_mv Bem-estar espiritual
Propriedades psicométricas
Desempenho organizacional
Liderança espiritual
Propiedades psicométricas
Desempeño organizacional
Bienestar espiritual
Liderazgo espiritual
topic Bem-estar espiritual
Propriedades psicométricas
Desempenho organizacional
Liderança espiritual
Propiedades psicométricas
Desempeño organizacional
Bienestar espiritual
Liderazgo espiritual
Spiritual well-being
Spiritual leadership
Organizational performance
Organizational commitment
topic_facet Bem-estar espiritual
Propriedades psicométricas
Desempenho organizacional
Liderança espiritual
Propiedades psicométricas
Desempeño organizacional
Bienestar espiritual
Liderazgo espiritual
Spiritual well-being
Spiritual leadership
Organizational performance
Organizational commitment
citationvolume 20
citationissue 1
citationedition Núm. 1 , Año 2017 :Acta Colombiana de Psicología
publisher Universidad Católica de Colombia
ispartofjournal Acta Colombiana de Psicología
source https://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/view/1073
language Español
format Article
rights http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Juan Carlos Espinosa Méndez - 2017
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
references González?Romá, V. (2008). La innovación en los equipos de trabajo. Papeles del psicólogo, 29(1), 32-40.
Malone, P. F., & Fry, L. W. (2003). Transforming schools through spiritual leadership: A field experiment. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, Seattle, WA.
Madera, J. M., & Smith, D. B. (2009). The effects of leader negative emotions on evaluations of leadership in a crisis situation: The role of anger and sadness. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(2), 103-114.
Longenecker, J. G., McKinney J. A., & Moore, C. W. (2004). Ethics in Small Business. Journal of Small Business Management, 27(1), 27-31.
Klenke, K. (2013). Integrating leadership and spirituality in the workplace through coalescing values and identity transformations. International Leadership Journal, 5(2), 53-90.
Hinkin, T. (2005). Scale Development: Principles and Practices. In R. A. Swanson & Holton III, E. F. (Eds.), Research in Organizations: Foundations and Methods of Inquiry. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler. Klaus, L., & Fernando, M. (2016). Enacting spiritual leadership in business through ego-transcendence. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 37(1). 71-92.
Herrera, A. N., Sánchez, N., & Jiménez, H. (2001). De la Teoría Clásica de los Test a la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem. Aula Psicológica 3, 293-332.
Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, L. (2014). Metodología de la investigación (6ta ed.). México, D.F.: McGraw-Hill.
Hair, J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (7th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education International.
Hackett, R. D., & Wang, G. (2012). Virtues and leadership: an integrating conceptual framework founded in Aristotelian and Confucian perspectives on virtues. Management Decision, 50(5), 868-899.
Groves, K. S. (2015). Testing a moderated mediation model of transformational leadership, values, and organization change. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2015(1), 17562.
Goleman, D., & Boyatzis, R. (2008). La inteligencia social y la biología del liderazgo. Harvard Business Review, 86(9), 86-95.
Montero, I., & León, O. G. (2007). Guía para nombrar los estudios de investigación en Psicología. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7(3), 847-862.
García, B. (2009). Manual de métodos de investigación para las ciencias sociales. Un enfoque de enseñanza basado en proyectos. México: Manual Moderno.
Frye, J., Kisselburgh, L. G., & Butts, D. (2007). Embracing spiritual followership. Communication Studies, 58(3), 243-260.
Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 835-862.
Fry, L. W., & Matherly, L. (2006). Spiritual leadership and organizational performance: An exploratory study. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, Atlanta, Georgia.
Fry, L. W., Hannah, S. T, Noel, M., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2011). Impact of spiritual leadership on unit performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 259-270.
Fry, L. W. (2008). Spiritual leadership: State of the art and future directions for theory, research, and practice. In J. Biberman & L. Tishman (Eds.), Spirituality in business: Theory, practice, and future directions (pp. 515-528). New York: Palgrave.
Fry, L. W. (2005). Toward a paradigm of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16 (4), 619-622.
Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693-727.
Fairholm, M. R. (2002). Conceiving leadership: Exploring five perspectives of leadership by investigating the conceptions and experiences of selected metropolitan Washington area municipal managers. Ann Arbor, MI. Public Administration.
Fairholm, G. W. (1998). Perspectives on leadership: From the science of management to its spiritual heart. Westport, Connecticut: Quorum Books.
Fairholm, G. W. (1996). Spiritual leadership: fulfilling wholeself needs at work. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 17 (5), 11-17.
Mitroff, I. I., & Denton, E. A. (1999). A Spiritual Audit of Corporate America, A Hard Look at Spirituality, Religion, and Values. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Moore, T. W., & Casper, W. J. (2006). An Examination of Proxy Measures of Workplace Spirituality: A Profile Model of Multidimensional Constructs. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 6, 109-118.
DeRue, D. S., Nahrgang, J. D., Wellman, N., & Humphrey, S. E. (2011). Trait and behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Personnel Psychology, 64, 7-52.
Weitz, E., Vardi, Y., & Setter, O. (2012). Spirituality and organizational misbehavior. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 9(3), 255-281.
Yusof, H. M., Kadir, H. A., & Mahfar, M. (2014). The role of emotions in leadership. Asian Social Science, 10(10), 41-49.
Word, J. (2012). Engaging work as a calling: examining the link between spirituality and job involvement. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 9(2) 147-166.
Wang, X. H., & Howell, J. M. (2010). Exploring the dual-level effects of transformational leadership on followers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 1134-1144.
Mumford, M. D., Friedrich, T. L., Caughron, J. J., & Byrne, C. L. (2007). Leader cognition in real-world settings: How do leaders think about crises? The Leadership Quarterly, 18(6), 515-543.
Usman, A., & Danish, R., Q. (2010). Leadership Spirituality in Banking Professionals and Its Impact on Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(3) 185-193.
Steers, R. M., Sanchez-Runde C. J., & Nardon, L. (2012). Culture, cognition, and managerial leadership. Asia Pacific Business Review, 18(3), 425-439.
Sanders, J. E., Hopkins, W. E., & Geroy, G. D. (2003). From transactional to transcendental: Toward an integrated theory of leadership. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(4), 21-31.
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citationstartpage 177
citationendpage 189
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