Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement

Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement

China se ha convertido en un importante proveedor de recursos para los países en desarrollo, abarcando capital, conocimientos técnicos y experiencias. China también ha trabajado activamente para fortalecer los lazos diplomáticos con las regiones en desarrollo desde principios de la década de 2000. En este contexto, los gobiernos de muchos países en desarrollo han tomado medidas para incorporar a China como un factor importante en sus consideraciones geopolíticas y geoeconómicas. Bajo el gobierno del Partido Justicia y Desarrollo (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP), Turquía también ha buscado fomentar las relaciones con China, particularmente desde principios de la década de 2010. Esta búsqueda se ha visto impulsada aún más por las tensas rela... Ver más

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spelling Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement
Köstem, S. (2019). Turkey and the Asian infrastructure investment bank: Economic pragmatism meets geopolitics. Global Policy, 10(4), 645-652.
Ray, R., & Simmons, B. A. (2020). Tracking China’s Overseas Development Finance. Boston University Global Development Policy Center. https://www.bu.edu/gdp/2020/12/07/tracking-chinasoverseas-development-finance/
Özşahin, M. C., Donelli, F., & Gasco, R. (2022). China–Turkey Relations from the Perspective of Neoclassical Realism. Contemporary Review of the Middle East, 9(2), 218-239.
Öniş, Z., & Yalikun, M. (2021). Emerging partnership in a post-Western world? The political economy of China-Turkey relations. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 21(4), 507-529.
Oğuzlu, H. T. (2020). Turkish foreign policy in a changing world order. All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace, 9(1), 127-139.
Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). OHCHR Assessment of human rights concerns in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. People’s Republic of China. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/2022-08-31/22-08-31-final-assesment.pdf
Murphy, D. C. (2022). China’s Rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing’s Alternative World Order. Stanford University Press.
Markey, D. (2020). China’s western horizon: Beijing and the new geopolitics of Eurasia. Oxford University Press.
Li, Q., & Ye, M. (2019). China’s emerging partnership network: what, who, where, when and why. International Trade, Politics and Development, 3(2), 66-81.
Lee, C. K. (2022). Global China at 20: Why, how and so what? The China Quarterly, 250, 313-331.
Kutlay, M., & Öniş, Z. (2021). Turkish foreign policy in a post-western order: Strategic autonomy or new forms of dependence? International Affairs, 97(4), 1085-1104.
Kraemer, R. (2021). Courting danger, Erdoğan ramps up reliance on China. Middle East Institute. https://www.mei.edu/publications/courting-dangererdogan-ramps-reliance-china
Kitchen, N., & Cox, M. (2019). Power, structural power, and American decline. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 32(6), 734-752.
Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (n.d.). Türkiye’s Multilateral Transportation Policy. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-multilateraltransportation-policy.en.mfa
Kirshner, J. (2014). American power after the financial crisis. Cornell University Press.
Karakaya, K., & Kandermir, A. (2019). Turkey Got a $1 Billion Foreign Cash Boost From China in June. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-09/turkey-got-1-billionfrom-china-swap-in-june-boost-to-reserves?in_source=embedded-checkout-banner
Jones, L., & Zeng, J. (2019). Understanding China’s ‘Belt and Road Initiative’: beyond ‘grand strategy’ to a state transformation analysis. Third World Quarterly, 40(8), 1415-1439.
Jenkins, R. (2019). How China is Reshaping the Global Economy: Development Impacts in Africa and Latin America. Oxford University Press.
International Service for Human Rights. (2022). China must release Uyghurs, end grave violations, rules UN committee. https://ishr.ch/latest-updates/china-must-release-uyghurs-end-grave-violations-rules-un-committee/
Hung, H. F. (2022). Clash of Empires: From’ Chimerica’ to the ‘New Cold War’. Cambridge University Press.
Gürel, B., & Kozluca, M. (2022). Chinese investment in Turkey: The Belt and Road Initiative, rising expectations and ground realities. European Review, 30(6), 806-834.
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39
poder estructural
poder;
autonomía;
China;
Turquía;
Tekdal, Veysel
China se ha convertido en un importante proveedor de recursos para los países en desarrollo, abarcando capital, conocimientos técnicos y experiencias. China también ha trabajado activamente para fortalecer los lazos diplomáticos con las regiones en desarrollo desde principios de la década de 2000. En este contexto, los gobiernos de muchos países en desarrollo han tomado medidas para incorporar a China como un factor importante en sus consideraciones geopolíticas y geoeconómicas. Bajo el gobierno del Partido Justicia y Desarrollo (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP), Turquía también ha buscado fomentar las relaciones con China, particularmente desde principios de la década de 2010. Esta búsqueda se ha visto impulsada aún más por las tensas relaciones de Ankara con Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea. El liderazgo político turco veía a China como un socio potencialmente crucial que podría mejorar la autonomía del país en relación con Occidente. Si bien esta expectativa no se ha materializado del todo hasta ahora, hay un debate en curso sobre hasta qué punto China puede ser potencialmente un actor transformador en la posición de Turquía dentro del orden internacional. Este artículo contribuye a este debate al ubicar la relación entre Turquía y China en un contexto más amplio del poder y la influencia de China en el mundo en desarrollo. El documento sugiere que es probable que el potencial de cooperación de Turquía con China siga siendo relativamente limitado en el futuro previsible. Esto no se debe solo a los vínculos profundamente arraigados de Turquía con Occidente, sino también a la naturaleza del poder global de China, que es más parcial y menos profunda de lo que comúnmente se supone.
Veysel Tekdal - 2023
Publication
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Atlı, A., & Özbelli, B. (2023). Turkey between the east and the west: Political preference or pragmatism? Marmara Universitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(2), 394-411.
Eliküçük Yıldırım, N. (2021). Rigid boundaries between Turkey and China: Is political mobility possible? Turkish Studies, 22(1), 28-48.
Eisenman, J., & Heginbotham, E. (2018). China’s evolving power, position, and influence in the developing world. In J. Eisenman, & E. Heginbotham (Eds.), China steps out: Beijing’s major power engagement with the developing world (pp.223-256). Routledge.
Doshi, R. (2021). The long game: China’s grand strategy to displace American order. Oxford University Press.
Demir, D. (2023). Turkey–China partnership: Is Beijing’s Belt and Road Initiative not delivering enough? Global Voices. https://globalvoices.org/2023/03/15/turkey-china-partnership-isbeijings-belt-and-road-initiative-not-deliveringenough/
de Renzio, P., & Seifert, J. (2014). South–South cooperation and the future of development assistance: mapping actors and options. Third World Quarterly, 35(10), 1860-1875.
Çolakoğlu, S. (2019). China’s Belt and Road Initiative and Turkey’s Middle Corridor: A Question of Compatibility. https://www.mei.edu/publications/chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-andturkeys-middle-corridor-question-compatibility#_ftnref1
China Global Investment Tracker. (2023). American Enterprise Institute. https://www.aei.org/chinaglobal-investment-tracker/
Breslin, S. (2015). China’s global power/China as a global power. In J.H. Chung (Ed.), Assessing China’s power (pp. 231-250). Palgrave Macmillan US.
Cao, D. (2021). Xi calls for expansion of global partnerships. China Daily. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201909/09/WS5d754883a310cf3e-3556a5bd.html
Atlı, A. (2019). Turkey’s economic expectations from a rising China. In E. Erşen, & S. Köstem (Eds.) Turkey’s Pivot to Eurasia (pp. 79-92). Routledge.
Erdoğan, R.T. (2017). A New Era will be Heralded in Our Region Based on Stability and Prosperity. Presidency of the Republic of Turkiye. https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/news/542/75199/a-new-era-willbe-heralded-in-our-region-based-on-stabilityand-prosperity
Altunışık, M. B. (2023). The trajectory of a modified middle power: an attempt to make sense of Turkey’s foreign policy in its centennial. Turkish Studies, 24(3-4), 658-672.
Erdoğan, R. T. (2019). Turkey, China share a vision for future. Global Times. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1156357.shtml
Altunışık, M. B. (2022). Change in Turkey’s foreing policy: Global shifts and domestic politics. In B.J.C. McKercher (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Diplomacy and Statecraft (pp.171-181). Routledge.
Alemdaroğlu, A., & Tepe, S. (2020). Erdogan Is Turning Turkey into a Chinese Client State. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/16/erdogan-is-turningturkey-into-a-chinese-client-state/
AIIB (2023). Our Projects. https://www.aiib.org/en/projects/list/year/All/member/T%C3%BCrkiye/sector/All/financing_type/All/status/Approved
Turkey;
China;
autonomy;
Journal article
power;
Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement
China has evolved into an important provider of resources for developing countries, encompassing capital, know-how and expertise. China has also actively worked to strengthen diplomatic ties with developing regions since the early 2000s. Against this backdrop, the governments in many developing countries have moved to incorporate China as a significant factor in their geopolitical and geoeconomic considerations. Under the rule of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP), Turkey has also sought to foster relations with China, particularly since the early 2010s. This pursuit has been further triggered by Ankara’s strained relations with the United States and the European Union. Turkish political leadership envisions China as a potentially crucial partner that could enhance the country’s autonomy in relation to the West. While this expectation has not entirely materialized so far, there is an ongoing debate regarding the extent to which China can potentially be a transformative actor in Turkey’s position within the international order. This paper contributes to this debate by locating Turkey-China engagement within a broader context of China’s power and influence in the developing world. The paper suggests that the potential for Turkey’s cooperation with China is likely to remain relatively limited for the foreseeable future. This is not only due to Turkey’s deeply rooted ties with the West, but also because of the nature of China’s global power, which is more partial and not as deep as commonly assumed.
structural power
https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9095/15710
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title Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement
spellingShingle Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement
Tekdal, Veysel
poder estructural
poder;
autonomía;
China;
Turquía;
Turkey;
China;
autonomy;
power;
structural power
title_short Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement
title_full Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement
title_fullStr Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement
title_full_unstemmed Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement
title_sort greater autonomy through closer relations with china? revisiting the turkey-china engagement
title_eng Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement
description China se ha convertido en un importante proveedor de recursos para los países en desarrollo, abarcando capital, conocimientos técnicos y experiencias. China también ha trabajado activamente para fortalecer los lazos diplomáticos con las regiones en desarrollo desde principios de la década de 2000. En este contexto, los gobiernos de muchos países en desarrollo han tomado medidas para incorporar a China como un factor importante en sus consideraciones geopolíticas y geoeconómicas. Bajo el gobierno del Partido Justicia y Desarrollo (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP), Turquía también ha buscado fomentar las relaciones con China, particularmente desde principios de la década de 2010. Esta búsqueda se ha visto impulsada aún más por las tensas relaciones de Ankara con Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea. El liderazgo político turco veía a China como un socio potencialmente crucial que podría mejorar la autonomía del país en relación con Occidente. Si bien esta expectativa no se ha materializado del todo hasta ahora, hay un debate en curso sobre hasta qué punto China puede ser potencialmente un actor transformador en la posición de Turquía dentro del orden internacional. Este artículo contribuye a este debate al ubicar la relación entre Turquía y China en un contexto más amplio del poder y la influencia de China en el mundo en desarrollo. El documento sugiere que es probable que el potencial de cooperación de Turquía con China siga siendo relativamente limitado en el futuro previsible. Esto no se debe solo a los vínculos profundamente arraigados de Turquía con Occidente, sino también a la naturaleza del poder global de China, que es más parcial y menos profunda de lo que comúnmente se supone.
description_eng China has evolved into an important provider of resources for developing countries, encompassing capital, know-how and expertise. China has also actively worked to strengthen diplomatic ties with developing regions since the early 2000s. Against this backdrop, the governments in many developing countries have moved to incorporate China as a significant factor in their geopolitical and geoeconomic considerations. Under the rule of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP), Turkey has also sought to foster relations with China, particularly since the early 2010s. This pursuit has been further triggered by Ankara’s strained relations with the United States and the European Union. Turkish political leadership envisions China as a potentially crucial partner that could enhance the country’s autonomy in relation to the West. While this expectation has not entirely materialized so far, there is an ongoing debate regarding the extent to which China can potentially be a transformative actor in Turkey’s position within the international order. This paper contributes to this debate by locating Turkey-China engagement within a broader context of China’s power and influence in the developing world. The paper suggests that the potential for Turkey’s cooperation with China is likely to remain relatively limited for the foreseeable future. This is not only due to Turkey’s deeply rooted ties with the West, but also because of the nature of China’s global power, which is more partial and not as deep as commonly assumed.
author Tekdal, Veysel
author_facet Tekdal, Veysel
topicspa_str_mv poder estructural
poder;
autonomía;
China;
Turquía;
topic poder estructural
poder;
autonomía;
China;
Turquía;
Turkey;
China;
autonomy;
power;
structural power
topic_facet poder estructural
poder;
autonomía;
China;
Turquía;
Turkey;
China;
autonomy;
power;
structural power
citationissue 39
citationedition Núm. 39 , Año 2024 : Enero-Junio
publisher Facultad de Finanzas, Gobierno y Relaciones Internacionales
ispartofjournal Oasis
source https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/view/9095
language Español
format Article
rights http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Veysel Tekdal - 2023
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Özşahin, M. C., Donelli, F., & Gasco, R. (2022). China–Turkey Relations from the Perspective of Neoclassical Realism. Contemporary Review of the Middle East, 9(2), 218-239.
Öniş, Z., & Yalikun, M. (2021). Emerging partnership in a post-Western world? The political economy of China-Turkey relations. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 21(4), 507-529.
Oğuzlu, H. T. (2020). Turkish foreign policy in a changing world order. All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace, 9(1), 127-139.
Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). OHCHR Assessment of human rights concerns in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. People’s Republic of China. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/2022-08-31/22-08-31-final-assesment.pdf
Murphy, D. C. (2022). China’s Rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing’s Alternative World Order. Stanford University Press.
Markey, D. (2020). China’s western horizon: Beijing and the new geopolitics of Eurasia. Oxford University Press.
Li, Q., & Ye, M. (2019). China’s emerging partnership network: what, who, where, when and why. International Trade, Politics and Development, 3(2), 66-81.
Lee, C. K. (2022). Global China at 20: Why, how and so what? The China Quarterly, 250, 313-331.
Kutlay, M., & Öniş, Z. (2021). Turkish foreign policy in a post-western order: Strategic autonomy or new forms of dependence? International Affairs, 97(4), 1085-1104.
Kraemer, R. (2021). Courting danger, Erdoğan ramps up reliance on China. Middle East Institute. https://www.mei.edu/publications/courting-dangererdogan-ramps-reliance-china
Kitchen, N., & Cox, M. (2019). Power, structural power, and American decline. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 32(6), 734-752.
Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (n.d.). Türkiye’s Multilateral Transportation Policy. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-multilateraltransportation-policy.en.mfa
Kirshner, J. (2014). American power after the financial crisis. Cornell University Press.
Karakaya, K., & Kandermir, A. (2019). Turkey Got a $1 Billion Foreign Cash Boost From China in June. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-09/turkey-got-1-billionfrom-china-swap-in-june-boost-to-reserves?in_source=embedded-checkout-banner
Jones, L., & Zeng, J. (2019). Understanding China’s ‘Belt and Road Initiative’: beyond ‘grand strategy’ to a state transformation analysis. Third World Quarterly, 40(8), 1415-1439.
Jenkins, R. (2019). How China is Reshaping the Global Economy: Development Impacts in Africa and Latin America. Oxford University Press.
International Service for Human Rights. (2022). China must release Uyghurs, end grave violations, rules UN committee. https://ishr.ch/latest-updates/china-must-release-uyghurs-end-grave-violations-rules-un-committee/
Hung, H. F. (2022). Clash of Empires: From’ Chimerica’ to the ‘New Cold War’. Cambridge University Press.
Gürel, B., & Kozluca, M. (2022). Chinese investment in Turkey: The Belt and Road Initiative, rising expectations and ground realities. European Review, 30(6), 806-834.
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