Canadá y la crisis de Venezuela

Canadá y la crisis de Venezuela

En los últimos años, Canadá ha salido de su zona de confort en los asuntos hemisféricos para hablar y actuar enérgicamente, como lo expresó la ministra de relaciones exteriores, Chrystia Freeland, en solidaridad con “el pueblo de Venezuela y su deseo de restaurar la democracia y los derechos humanos en Vene­zuela”. Con sus socios del Grupo de Lima, Ca­nadá impuso sanciones al régimen de Maduro, reconoció a Juan Guaidó como presidente interino y convocó a elecciones libres y justas lo antes posible. El artículo identifica posibles factores que explican la política de Canadá. La propuesta principal es que la crisis de Venezue­la presenta una combinación extraordinaria de factores nacionales e internacionales que hacen que la participación en... Ver más

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Oasis

1657-7558

2346-2132

Grenier, Yvon

UNIVERSIDAD EXTERNADO DE COLOMBIA

10.18601/16577558.n30.04

2019-06-26

55

75

Colombia

Canadá;

Venezuela;

política exterior;

democracia;

derechos humanos

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Yvon Grenier - 2019

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spelling Canadá y la crisis de Venezuela
Kilpatrick, S. (11/05/2018). Chavez’s death brings hope of a better future for Venezuela: PM Harper. The Globe and Mail.
Morgan, G. (23/05/2018). Canadian oil flows into U.S. Gulf Coast market as Venezuela continues ‘death spiral’, Financial Post.
McQuaig, L. (13/02/2019). Canada helps tee-up U.S. invasion of Venezuela, The Star (Toronto).
Mazereeuw, P. (05/03/2014b). Canada dispatches digi¬tal diplomacy devotee to Caracas. The Hill Times (Ottawa).
Mazereeuw, P. (14/05/2014a). Canada’s diplomatic dog¬house. The Hill Times (Ottawa).
Mace, G. and J.-P. Thérien. (2012). Canada and the Americas: making a difference? International Journal, 67, No. 3, pp. 569–582.
Lui, A. (2012). Why Canada Cares: Human Rights and Foreign Policy in Theory and Practice. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Lightfoot, S. (2018). A Promise Too Far? The Justin Trudeau Government and Indigenous Rights. In N. Hillmer and P. Lagassé (eds.), Justin Trudeau and Canadian Foreign Policy. Toronto, ON: Pal¬grave Macmilan, Canada Among Nations series, pp. 165-185.
Legler, T. (2012). Wishful Thinking, Democracy promo¬tion in the Americas under Harper. International Journal (Summer): 583-602
Kirk, J. and S. Kimber. (05/02/2019). Canada’s leaders¬hip on Venezuela is misguided, misdirected - and a mistake. The Globe and Mail.
Kalvapalie, R. (16/01/2019). Trudeau slams Venezuelan ‘dictator’ Maduro, sidesteps question on Brazil’s president. Global News. Retrieved: https://glo-balnews.ca/news/4851670/trudeau-venezuela-maduro-brazil-bolsonaro/
Navia, P. (06/03/2019). The Problem with Defending Democracy in Venezuela, but not Cuba. Americas Quarterly.
Howard-Hassmann, R. E. (2018). In Defense of Universal Human Rights. Polity. ICC. (n/d). Venezuela. Preliminary examination. Retrie¬ved: https://www.icc-cpi.int/venezuela
Grenier, Y. (21/06/2018). Cuba, sí, Venezuela, No? A double standard in foreign policy. OpenCanada.org.
Government of Canada. (10/01/2019b). Canada rejects the Maduro regime’s illegitimate mandate I Vene¬zuela. Global Affairs Canada. Retrieved: https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2019/01/canada-rejects-the-maduro-regimes-illegitimate-mandate-in-venezuela.html
Government of Canada. (2019a). Canada and the Ve¬nezuela Crisis. Date modified: 29 March 2019. https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/ issues_development-enjeux_developpement/response_conflict-reponse_conflits/crisis-crises/venezuela.aspx?lang=eng
Government of Canada. (2018c). Government Response to the July 2017 Report of the Standing Commit¬tee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade: The Deepening Crisis in Venezuela: Canadian and Regional Stakes. Ottawa, Minister of Foreign Affairs, March.
Government of Canada. (2018b). Canada and Latin America and the Caribbean. Retrieved: https:// international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_ relations-relations_internationales/latin_america-amerique_latine/index.aspx?lang=eng
Government of Canada. (2018a). Statistical Report on International Assistance 2016-2017. Date Modified: 27/07/2018. Retrieved: https://www.international.gc.ca/gac-amc/publications/odaaa-lrmado/sria-rsai-2016-17-b2.aspx?lang=eng
Government of Canada. (13/06/2017). Canada’s ap¬proach to advancing human rights. Date mo¬dified. Retrieved: https://international.gc.ca/world-monde/issues_development-enjeux_deve¬loppement/human_rights-droits_homme/advan¬cing_rights-promouvoir_droits.aspx?lang=eng
Government of Canada. (2013b). Inspection of the Embassy of Canada, Lima, Peru including the Embassy of Canada (Program Office) in La Paz, Bolivia. 24/01-01/02/2013. Retrieved: https:// www.international.gc.ca/gac-amc/publications/inspection/2013/lima.aspx?lang=eng.
Naím, M. and F. Toro. (2018). Venezuela’s Suicide, Les¬sons from a Failed State. Foreign Affairs (Novem¬ber/December). Retrieved: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/south-america/2018-10-15/venezuelas-suicide
Nossal, K. R.; S. Roussel and S. Paquin. (2015). The Politics of Canadian Foreign Policy. (4th edition). McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Gomez, S.; T. Ward and B. Wood. (26/03/2014). Canada Must Call for Dialogue amid Venezuelan Unrest. The Hill Times.
Woods, A. (18/07/2007). PM takes rare shot at U.S. The Toronto Star.
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Zimonic, P. (06/02/2019). NDP insists it’s united on Venezuela despite Singh’s refusal to describe Guaido as interim president. Retrieved https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/venezuela-maduro-guaido-singh-1.5008880
UNHCR. (2019). Asylum applications by Vene¬zuelans soar to over 400,000. 08/03/2019. Retrieved: https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2019/3/5c826efe2e9/asylum-applications-venezuelans-soar-400000.html
OAS. (29/05/2018). Report of the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States and the Panel of Independent International Experts on the Possible Commission of Crimes against Humanity in Venezuela. Panel of Independent International Experts (Santiago Canton, Irwin Cotler, Manuel Ventura Robles), Organization of American States. Washington, D.C.
Transparencia Venezuela. (n/d). Website: https://transpa-rencia.org.ve/project/quienes-somos/
Toro, F. (25/02/2019). With U.S. military action, Vene¬zuela could become the Libya of the Caribbean, The Washington Post.
The Canadian Press. (20/02/2019) Amnesty docu¬ments Venezuelan rights violations since start of democracy protests. The Star (Toronto). Re¬trieved: https://www.thestar.com/news/cana¬da/2019/02/20/amnesty-documents-venezue-lan-rights-violations-since-start-of-democracy-protests.html
Taylor, S. (27/02/2019) Canada is carrying an hypo¬critical torch in stand against Maduro. The Hill Times (Ottawa).
Statistics Canada. (2016). 2016 Census. Retrieved https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recense¬ment/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Ethnic+origin&TABID=1
Shane, K. (02/06/2015b). Months later, Canada, Vene¬zuela accept each other’s ambassadors, The Hill Times (Ottawa).
Shane, K. (03/03/2015a). Canada not confirming each other’s ambassadors, The Hill Times (Ottawa).
Rojas, R.; V. C. Bobes, A Chaguaceda (eds.) (2017). El cambio constitucional en Cuba: actores, instituciones y leyes de un proceso político. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Polga-Hecimovich, J.; I. Sagarzazu and R. Sánchez Urri¬barrí. (2017). Venezuelan Overview. Lasa Forum 18, No. 1 (Winter): 35-39.
Pareja, F. A. (2018). Mecanismos alternativos de diá¬logo y negociación en el conflicto político de Venezuela (2002-2018). Pensamiento Propio, 47 (Jan-June), 37-67.
Government of Canada. (13/08/2013a). Trade data online. Retrieved: http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/tdo-dcd.nsf/eng/Home
Gordon, Daphne. (23/12/2017). Venezuela moves to revoke Canadian diplomat’s status, accuses him of meddling, cbc News. Retrieved: https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/venezuela-canadian-diplomat-craig-kowalik-persona-non-grata-1.4463958
Gagnon, L. (18/02/2019). L’ingérence au Vénézuela. La Presse.
https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/view/6083
En los últimos años, Canadá ha salido de su zona de confort en los asuntos hemisféricos para hablar y actuar enérgicamente, como lo expresó la ministra de relaciones exteriores, Chrystia Freeland, en solidaridad con “el pueblo de Venezuela y su deseo de restaurar la democracia y los derechos humanos en Vene­zuela”. Con sus socios del Grupo de Lima, Ca­nadá impuso sanciones al régimen de Maduro, reconoció a Juan Guaidó como presidente interino y convocó a elecciones libres y justas lo antes posible. El artículo identifica posibles factores que explican la política de Canadá. La propuesta principal es que la crisis de Venezue­la presenta una combinación extraordinaria de factores nacionales e internacionales que hacen que la participación en un impulso multilate­ral y diplomático para el restablecimiento de la democracia sea una opción ambiciosa pero, sensata para Canadá. El artículo también pre­senta las críticas a esta política y analiza el tema de los derechos humanos y la promoción de la democracia en el contexto más amplio de la política exterior canadiense.
Grenier, Yvon
Canadá;
Venezuela;
política exterior;
democracia;
derechos humanos
30
Núm. 30 , Año 2019 : Julio-Diciembre
Artículo de revista
application/pdf
application/xml
Facultad de Finanzas, Gobierno y Relaciones Internacionales
Oasis
text/html
Español
Ballingall, A. (24/02/2019). Jagmeet Singh questions Canada’s recognition of Venezuelan opposition leader. The Star (Toronto).
Dyer, E. (03/03/2019). Trudeau Government Reluctant to Call Out Havana for Repressing Venezuelans. CBC News. Retrieved: https://www.cbc.ca/news/ world/venezuela-canada-cuba-1.5040857.
Dickson, J. (03/02/2019). Canada says it opposes mi¬litary intervention in Venezuela as Lima Group meets. The Globe and Mail (Toronto). Retrieved: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-canada-says-it-opposes-military-intervention-in-venezuela-as-lima/
Daudelin, J. (2007). Canada and the Americas: A time for modesty. Behind the Headlines (Canadian Institute for International Affairs and the Centre for International Governance Innovation) 64, no. 3 (May).
Corrales, J. and M. Penfold. (2015). Dragon in the Tro¬pics, Venezuela and the Legacy of Hugo Chávez. Second edition. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
Clément, D. (2016). Human Rights in Canada: A History. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Laurier Studies in Political Philosophy.
CIC. (22/02/ 2019). Ben Rowswell speaks on Venezue¬la to the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Feb. 21st 2019. Canadian International Council. Retrieved: https://thecic.org/en/cic-president-ben-rowswell-speaks-to-senate-committee-on-foreign-affairs-and-international-trade/
Chapnick, A. (2016). Stephen Harper’s Israel Policy. In A. Chapnick and C. J. Kukucha (eds.), The Har¬per Era in Canadian Foreign Policy, Parliament, Politics, and Canada’s Global Posture. UBC Press, pp.105-120.
Canadian Trade Commissioner. (22/10/2018). Venezue¬la. Retrieved: https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/venezuela/index.aspx?lang=eng
Cárdenas, J. R. (07/02/2018). Elephants in the Room: Cuba is Making the Crisis in Venezuela Worse. Foreign Policy.
Publication
Avalos, L. and S. Spronk. (11/02/2019). A Short Guide for Canadian Anti-Imperialists on the Current Crisis in Venezuela. SP The Bullet.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Yvon Grenier - 2019
human rights
Journal article
Canada and the Venezuela crisis
Over the past few years, Canada has stepped out of its comfort zone in hemispheric af­fairs, to speak and act forcefully, as Minister of Foreign Affairs Chrystia Freeland put it, in solidarity with “the people of Venezuela and their desire to restore democracy and human rights in Venezuela.” With its partners of the Lima Group, Canada imposed sanctions on the Maduro regime, recognized Juan Guaidó as interim president, and called for free and fair elections as soon as possible. The article identi­fies possible factors explaining Canada’s policy. The main proposition is that the Venezuela crisis features an extraordinary combination of domestic and international factors that make participation to a multilateral and diplomatic push for restoration of democracy an ambi­tious but judicious option for Canada. The article also presents the criticism to this policy, and discusses the issue of human rights and democracy promotion in the broader context of Canadian foreign policy.
Canada;
Venezuela;
foreign policy;
democracy;
10.18601/16577558.n30.04
2019-06-26
https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/6083/8543
https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/6083/7972
2019-06-26T10:32:22Z
2346-2132
1657-7558
55
75
https://doi.org/10.18601/16577558.n30.04
2019-06-26T10:32:22Z
https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/6083/7801
institution UNIVERSIDAD EXTERNADO DE COLOMBIA
thumbnail https://nuevo.metarevistas.org/UNIVERSIDADEXTERNADODECOLOMBIA/logo.png
country_str Colombia
collection Oasis
title Canadá y la crisis de Venezuela
spellingShingle Canadá y la crisis de Venezuela
Grenier, Yvon
Canadá;
Venezuela;
política exterior;
democracia;
derechos humanos
human rights
Canada;
Venezuela;
foreign policy;
democracy;
title_short Canadá y la crisis de Venezuela
title_full Canadá y la crisis de Venezuela
title_fullStr Canadá y la crisis de Venezuela
title_full_unstemmed Canadá y la crisis de Venezuela
title_sort canadá y la crisis de venezuela
title_eng Canada and the Venezuela crisis
description En los últimos años, Canadá ha salido de su zona de confort en los asuntos hemisféricos para hablar y actuar enérgicamente, como lo expresó la ministra de relaciones exteriores, Chrystia Freeland, en solidaridad con “el pueblo de Venezuela y su deseo de restaurar la democracia y los derechos humanos en Vene­zuela”. Con sus socios del Grupo de Lima, Ca­nadá impuso sanciones al régimen de Maduro, reconoció a Juan Guaidó como presidente interino y convocó a elecciones libres y justas lo antes posible. El artículo identifica posibles factores que explican la política de Canadá. La propuesta principal es que la crisis de Venezue­la presenta una combinación extraordinaria de factores nacionales e internacionales que hacen que la participación en un impulso multilate­ral y diplomático para el restablecimiento de la democracia sea una opción ambiciosa pero, sensata para Canadá. El artículo también pre­senta las críticas a esta política y analiza el tema de los derechos humanos y la promoción de la democracia en el contexto más amplio de la política exterior canadiense.
description_eng Over the past few years, Canada has stepped out of its comfort zone in hemispheric af­fairs, to speak and act forcefully, as Minister of Foreign Affairs Chrystia Freeland put it, in solidarity with “the people of Venezuela and their desire to restore democracy and human rights in Venezuela.” With its partners of the Lima Group, Canada imposed sanctions on the Maduro regime, recognized Juan Guaidó as interim president, and called for free and fair elections as soon as possible. The article identi­fies possible factors explaining Canada’s policy. The main proposition is that the Venezuela crisis features an extraordinary combination of domestic and international factors that make participation to a multilateral and diplomatic push for restoration of democracy an ambi­tious but judicious option for Canada. The article also presents the criticism to this policy, and discusses the issue of human rights and democracy promotion in the broader context of Canadian foreign policy.
author Grenier, Yvon
author_facet Grenier, Yvon
topicspa_str_mv Canadá;
Venezuela;
política exterior;
democracia;
derechos humanos
topic Canadá;
Venezuela;
política exterior;
democracia;
derechos humanos
human rights
Canada;
Venezuela;
foreign policy;
democracy;
topic_facet Canadá;
Venezuela;
política exterior;
democracia;
derechos humanos
human rights
Canada;
Venezuela;
foreign policy;
democracy;
citationissue 30
citationedition Núm. 30 , Año 2019 : Julio-Diciembre
publisher Facultad de Finanzas, Gobierno y Relaciones Internacionales
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language Español
format Article
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Yvon Grenier - 2019
references Kilpatrick, S. (11/05/2018). Chavez’s death brings hope of a better future for Venezuela: PM Harper. The Globe and Mail.
Morgan, G. (23/05/2018). Canadian oil flows into U.S. Gulf Coast market as Venezuela continues ‘death spiral’, Financial Post.
McQuaig, L. (13/02/2019). Canada helps tee-up U.S. invasion of Venezuela, The Star (Toronto).
Mazereeuw, P. (05/03/2014b). Canada dispatches digi¬tal diplomacy devotee to Caracas. The Hill Times (Ottawa).
Mazereeuw, P. (14/05/2014a). Canada’s diplomatic dog¬house. The Hill Times (Ottawa).
Mace, G. and J.-P. Thérien. (2012). Canada and the Americas: making a difference? International Journal, 67, No. 3, pp. 569–582.
Lui, A. (2012). Why Canada Cares: Human Rights and Foreign Policy in Theory and Practice. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Lightfoot, S. (2018). A Promise Too Far? The Justin Trudeau Government and Indigenous Rights. In N. Hillmer and P. Lagassé (eds.), Justin Trudeau and Canadian Foreign Policy. Toronto, ON: Pal¬grave Macmilan, Canada Among Nations series, pp. 165-185.
Legler, T. (2012). Wishful Thinking, Democracy promo¬tion in the Americas under Harper. International Journal (Summer): 583-602
Kirk, J. and S. Kimber. (05/02/2019). Canada’s leaders¬hip on Venezuela is misguided, misdirected - and a mistake. The Globe and Mail.
Kalvapalie, R. (16/01/2019). Trudeau slams Venezuelan ‘dictator’ Maduro, sidesteps question on Brazil’s president. Global News. Retrieved: https://glo-balnews.ca/news/4851670/trudeau-venezuela-maduro-brazil-bolsonaro/
Navia, P. (06/03/2019). The Problem with Defending Democracy in Venezuela, but not Cuba. Americas Quarterly.
Howard-Hassmann, R. E. (2018). In Defense of Universal Human Rights. Polity. ICC. (n/d). Venezuela. Preliminary examination. Retrie¬ved: https://www.icc-cpi.int/venezuela
Grenier, Y. (21/06/2018). Cuba, sí, Venezuela, No? A double standard in foreign policy. OpenCanada.org.
Government of Canada. (10/01/2019b). Canada rejects the Maduro regime’s illegitimate mandate I Vene¬zuela. Global Affairs Canada. Retrieved: https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2019/01/canada-rejects-the-maduro-regimes-illegitimate-mandate-in-venezuela.html
Government of Canada. (2019a). Canada and the Ve¬nezuela Crisis. Date modified: 29 March 2019. https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/ issues_development-enjeux_developpement/response_conflict-reponse_conflits/crisis-crises/venezuela.aspx?lang=eng
Government of Canada. (2018c). Government Response to the July 2017 Report of the Standing Commit¬tee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade: The Deepening Crisis in Venezuela: Canadian and Regional Stakes. Ottawa, Minister of Foreign Affairs, March.
Government of Canada. (2018b). Canada and Latin America and the Caribbean. Retrieved: https:// international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_ relations-relations_internationales/latin_america-amerique_latine/index.aspx?lang=eng
Government of Canada. (2018a). Statistical Report on International Assistance 2016-2017. Date Modified: 27/07/2018. Retrieved: https://www.international.gc.ca/gac-amc/publications/odaaa-lrmado/sria-rsai-2016-17-b2.aspx?lang=eng
Government of Canada. (13/06/2017). Canada’s ap¬proach to advancing human rights. Date mo¬dified. Retrieved: https://international.gc.ca/world-monde/issues_development-enjeux_deve¬loppement/human_rights-droits_homme/advan¬cing_rights-promouvoir_droits.aspx?lang=eng
Government of Canada. (2013b). Inspection of the Embassy of Canada, Lima, Peru including the Embassy of Canada (Program Office) in La Paz, Bolivia. 24/01-01/02/2013. Retrieved: https:// www.international.gc.ca/gac-amc/publications/inspection/2013/lima.aspx?lang=eng.
Naím, M. and F. Toro. (2018). Venezuela’s Suicide, Les¬sons from a Failed State. Foreign Affairs (Novem¬ber/December). Retrieved: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/south-america/2018-10-15/venezuelas-suicide
Nossal, K. R.; S. Roussel and S. Paquin. (2015). The Politics of Canadian Foreign Policy. (4th edition). McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Gomez, S.; T. Ward and B. Wood. (26/03/2014). Canada Must Call for Dialogue amid Venezuelan Unrest. The Hill Times.
Woods, A. (18/07/2007). PM takes rare shot at U.S. The Toronto Star.
Zimonic, P. (06/02/2019). NDP insists it’s united on Venezuela despite Singh’s refusal to describe Guaido as interim president. Retrieved https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/venezuela-maduro-guaido-singh-1.5008880
UNHCR. (2019). Asylum applications by Vene¬zuelans soar to over 400,000. 08/03/2019. Retrieved: https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2019/3/5c826efe2e9/asylum-applications-venezuelans-soar-400000.html
OAS. (29/05/2018). Report of the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States and the Panel of Independent International Experts on the Possible Commission of Crimes against Humanity in Venezuela. Panel of Independent International Experts (Santiago Canton, Irwin Cotler, Manuel Ventura Robles), Organization of American States. Washington, D.C.
Transparencia Venezuela. (n/d). Website: https://transpa-rencia.org.ve/project/quienes-somos/
Toro, F. (25/02/2019). With U.S. military action, Vene¬zuela could become the Libya of the Caribbean, The Washington Post.
The Canadian Press. (20/02/2019) Amnesty docu¬ments Venezuelan rights violations since start of democracy protests. The Star (Toronto). Re¬trieved: https://www.thestar.com/news/cana¬da/2019/02/20/amnesty-documents-venezue-lan-rights-violations-since-start-of-democracy-protests.html
Taylor, S. (27/02/2019) Canada is carrying an hypo¬critical torch in stand against Maduro. The Hill Times (Ottawa).
Statistics Canada. (2016). 2016 Census. Retrieved https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recense¬ment/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Ethnic+origin&TABID=1
Shane, K. (02/06/2015b). Months later, Canada, Vene¬zuela accept each other’s ambassadors, The Hill Times (Ottawa).
Shane, K. (03/03/2015a). Canada not confirming each other’s ambassadors, The Hill Times (Ottawa).
Rojas, R.; V. C. Bobes, A Chaguaceda (eds.) (2017). El cambio constitucional en Cuba: actores, instituciones y leyes de un proceso político. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Polga-Hecimovich, J.; I. Sagarzazu and R. Sánchez Urri¬barrí. (2017). Venezuelan Overview. Lasa Forum 18, No. 1 (Winter): 35-39.
Pareja, F. A. (2018). Mecanismos alternativos de diá¬logo y negociación en el conflicto político de Venezuela (2002-2018). Pensamiento Propio, 47 (Jan-June), 37-67.
Government of Canada. (13/08/2013a). Trade data online. Retrieved: http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/tdo-dcd.nsf/eng/Home
Gordon, Daphne. (23/12/2017). Venezuela moves to revoke Canadian diplomat’s status, accuses him of meddling, cbc News. Retrieved: https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/venezuela-canadian-diplomat-craig-kowalik-persona-non-grata-1.4463958
Gagnon, L. (18/02/2019). L’ingérence au Vénézuela. La Presse.
Ballingall, A. (24/02/2019). Jagmeet Singh questions Canada’s recognition of Venezuelan opposition leader. The Star (Toronto).
Dyer, E. (03/03/2019). Trudeau Government Reluctant to Call Out Havana for Repressing Venezuelans. CBC News. Retrieved: https://www.cbc.ca/news/ world/venezuela-canada-cuba-1.5040857.
Dickson, J. (03/02/2019). Canada says it opposes mi¬litary intervention in Venezuela as Lima Group meets. The Globe and Mail (Toronto). Retrieved: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-canada-says-it-opposes-military-intervention-in-venezuela-as-lima/
Daudelin, J. (2007). Canada and the Americas: A time for modesty. Behind the Headlines (Canadian Institute for International Affairs and the Centre for International Governance Innovation) 64, no. 3 (May).
Corrales, J. and M. Penfold. (2015). Dragon in the Tro¬pics, Venezuela and the Legacy of Hugo Chávez. Second edition. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
Clément, D. (2016). Human Rights in Canada: A History. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Laurier Studies in Political Philosophy.
CIC. (22/02/ 2019). Ben Rowswell speaks on Venezue¬la to the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Feb. 21st 2019. Canadian International Council. Retrieved: https://thecic.org/en/cic-president-ben-rowswell-speaks-to-senate-committee-on-foreign-affairs-and-international-trade/
Chapnick, A. (2016). Stephen Harper’s Israel Policy. In A. Chapnick and C. J. Kukucha (eds.), The Har¬per Era in Canadian Foreign Policy, Parliament, Politics, and Canada’s Global Posture. UBC Press, pp.105-120.
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