The Suburban Imaginary and Mass Media: A Reflection of its Construction and Disassembly in the so-called American Baby Boom Generation (1946-1974).
Según el Cambridge Dictionary, el significado de suburbio se remite a las partes periféricas de una ciudad, en donde hay casas, pero no hay una cantidad considerable de comercios, sitios de trabajo ni de solaz y esparcimiento; bien se comprende desde una perspectiva elemental, es decir, desde el último cuarto del siglo XVIII, sin embargo, a través de las últimas seis décadas, más específicamente desde 1946, y hasta 1974 (franja cronológica de la generación del Baby Boom) que tomaron lugar diversos recursos de información que hablan de este peculiar tipo de urbanización, representativa de la posguerra, y que dio forma a un estilo de vida que por un tiempo fue envidiado e imitado con sus respectivas reservas en otras partes del orbe. No obsta... Ver más
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The Suburban Imaginary and Mass Media: A Reflection of its Construction and Disassembly in the so-called American Baby Boom Generation (1946-1974). Suburbano, planificación urbana, imaginarios, American Way of Life, cine, literatura, televisión, arte Pop. Artículo de revista Núm. 1 , Año 2021 : Enero-Junio Revista Perspectivas 6 1 Maldonado-Flores, Diana Isabel Canavati-Espinosa, Alberto Castillo-Soriano, María de los Ángeles Según el Cambridge Dictionary, el significado de suburbio se remite a las partes periféricas de una ciudad, en donde hay casas, pero no hay una cantidad considerable de comercios, sitios de trabajo ni de solaz y esparcimiento; bien se comprende desde una perspectiva elemental, es decir, desde el último cuarto del siglo XVIII, sin embargo, a través de las últimas seis décadas, más específicamente desde 1946, y hasta 1974 (franja cronológica de la generación del Baby Boom) que tomaron lugar diversos recursos de información que hablan de este peculiar tipo de urbanización, representativa de la posguerra, y que dio forma a un estilo de vida que por un tiempo fue envidiado e imitado con sus respectivas reservas en otras partes del orbe. No obstante que estos imaginarios se han construido desde el tenor positivista de una sociedad industrializada, también han mutado hasta el desmontaje y la desmitificación de lo que antes se pensaba como el modelo ideal de ciudad. En este artículo se hará un abordaje acerca del papel que tanto la literatura como el cine y el arte han jugado en la idealización, la proyección, la construcción y el desmontaje del suburbio como un imaginario de aparente bienestar social para una gran parte de la sociedad estadunidense. Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Toole, J. K. (1980). A Confederacy of Dunces (La conjura de los necios). NY, NY, EUA: Grove Press. Trout, J. (1969). "Positioning" is a Game People Play in Today´s me-too Market Place. Industrial Marketing, 54(6), 51-55. Tocqueville, A. d. (2013). La democracia en América. Barcelona: Trotta. Reps, J. W. (1965). The Making of Urban America: A History of City Planning in the U.S. NY: Princeton University Press . Smith, E. (2002). The Media, the Suburbs and the Politics of Space: Welcome to the Dreamhouse: Popular Media and Postwar Suburbs by Lynn Spigel. (L. Spigel, Ed.) American Quarterly, 54(2), 359-367. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press. Nichols, M. (Director). (1967). The Graduate (El Graduado). [Pel·lícula]. EUA. Nabokov, V. (2002). Lolita. (F. Roca, Trad.) Barcelona: Anagrama. Mumford, L. (2014). La ciudad en la historia. Madrid: España. Mc. Shane, C. (1990). Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939, by John R. Stilgoe. The New England Quarterly, 63(1), 164-169. Boston, MIT Press, University of Massachussets. Levitt, W. &. (Director). (1947). Levittown [Pel·lícula]. EUA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WJUVPoCP78. Marsh, M. (1994). Reading the Suburbs. American Quarterly, 46(1), 40-48. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press Macburnie, I. (1995). The Periphery and the American Dream. Journal of Architectural Education, 48(3). Taylor & Francis/Routledge, Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture. Lynch, K. (1998). La imagen de la ciudad. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili. Yates, R. (1961). Revolutionary Road. Barcelona: Alfaguara. Kunstler, J. H. (1996). Home from Nowhere: Remarking our Everyday World for the 21st. Century. Simon & Schuster. Kotler, J. (2005). Television Families: Is Something Wrong in Suburbia? by William Douglas. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(2), 534-535. National Council of Family Retations. Kirschenbaum, A. (1970). The Suburban Myth, by Scott Donaldson Review. American Sociological Review, 35(4), 789-790. Los Angeles, Chicago, SAGE Publishers. Jackson, K. (1985). Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. New York, NY, Estados Unidos de América: Oxford University Press. Wellman, B. (1999). From Little Boxes to Loosely Bounded Networks: The Privatization and Domestication of Community, Sociology for the Twenty-First Century: Continuities and Cutting Edges. Chicago, Illinois, EUA: The University of Chicago Press. Information obtained from the official Hodgson Houses / History page. http://www.hodgsonhouses.com Product Positioning: also called product positioning is a concept created by Jack Trout in 1969 to describe the way in which both consumer products and services could penetrate the imagination of the masses through movies, television and any media entity (Trout, 1969, p. 51-55). http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Text http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Yeoman: A man of lower class than the gentlemen, who cultivates his own land, who has political and civil rights. Reference: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/yeoman Excerpt from the song Little Boxes, by social activist and songwriter Malvina Reynolds alluding to the little boxes in which all people live within a homogenized consumer system in the United States. See http://singout.org/downloads/broadside/b020.pdf Franklin D. Roosevelt for all U.S. soldiers who had returned from the front lines during World War II and were able to reintegrate into civilian society while seeking employment, start their own business or purchase a home through financing. This stipend was also called the Service Readjustment Act. Source: http://www.legion.org/documents/legion/pdf/gibillpitkinpt1.pdf GI Bill: Support fund that was approved by Congress in 1944 by Republican Senator Harry Colmery and President Historical Review, 94(1), 98-99. Washington. Information obtained from the official Spartan Aircraft Company / History page: http://www.spartantrailer.com Information obtained from the official Sears website: http://www.searsarchives.com/homes/index.htm Information obtained from the official Canadian Museum of Civilization / A History of Canadian Mail-Order Catalogues website: http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/cpm/catalog/cat2104e.shtml. Information obtained from the official website of Ladie's Home Journal, February 1901 (A Home in a Prairie Town) and July 1901 (A Small Home with Lots of Room in it) issues: http://www.lhj.com/style/covers/125-years-of-ladies-home-journal-home-decorating/?page=2 Isenstadt, S. (2006). The Modern American House: Spaciousness and Middle Class Identity. NY, NY, EUA: Cambridge Univesity Press. Cambridge Massachussets. Gillon, S. (2004). Boomer Nation: The Largest and Richest Generation Ever, and How it Changed America. New York, NY, Estados Unidos de América: Free Press. Hohenberg, P. M. (1989). Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Suburbia by Robert Fishman. The American NewYork, NY, Estados Unidos de América: Berkeley Books. According to Cambridge Dictionary, the meaning of Suburbia is related to peripheral parts of a city where there are houses, but there is not a considerable amount of retailers, work places and leisure venues. Obviously this definition is understood from an elemental point of view, it is, since the ends of the 18th century according to the urban conditions of English and newly North American towns. Even so, throughout the last six decades, more specifically 1946 and 1974, there was an interesting, as well as a vast record of information regarding this peculiar sort of urban planning, so representative of a young and naïve post-war consumption society, that shaped a lifestyle that was envied as imitated abroad (with several local interpretations in all over the globe). However, these imaginaries, largely, have been built from the positivist perspectives of a society in the curb of its industrialization, but also as a result of the critical thinking, have mutated towards the disassembly and the demystifying of what once was considered the ideal way of making a new city from this outskirt urban-planning format. The role that cinema, literature and visual arts have played in the idealization, the projection, the construction and disassembly of Suburbia as an urban model of social aspiration, have been so influential in a large number of American families, who pretend to resemble the models shown in television media, and in certain way in literature, which has been a line of argument that gave rise to the advertising and programs in film and television industry. In this article there will be an approach about the role that both literature, cinema and art have played in the idealization, projection, construction and disassembly of the suburb as an imaginary of apparent social welfare for a large part of American society. Suburban, urban planning, imaginaries, American Way of Life, cinema, literature, television, Pop Art. Journal article application/pdf text/html https://revistas.ufps.edu.co/index.php/perspectivas/article/view/2917 Inglés http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0. Hayden, D. (2002). Redesigning the American Dream: Gender, Housing and Family Life. NY: W.W. Norton & Company. Revista Contexto, 8(09), 17. Monterrey, Facultad de Arquitectura de la U.A.N.L. Amendola, G. (2000). La ciudad posmoderna. Madrid, Madrid, España: Celeste Ediciones. Anderson, K. (2001). Wartime Women: Sex Roles, Family Relations, and the Status of Women During World War II. Alcalá, R. R. (2014). La ciudad fragmentada y difusa hoy: Desde la ciudad emocional a la ciudad de la satisfacción. Arendt, H. (2013). Sobre la revolución. Barcelona: Alianza Editorial. Esguevillas, D. (2014). La casa californiana: experiencias domésticas de posguerra. Madrid / Buenos Aires, España / Argentina: Nobuko. Halpern, R. (2006). Norman Rockwell: The Underside of Innocence. Chicago, Illinois, Estados Unidos de América: University of Chicago Press. Graham, D. (Dic. / Ene. / 1966-1967). Homes for America. Arts Magazine. New York, Vanderbilt, New York University. El imaginario suburbano y el Mass Media: una reflexión de su construcción y desmontaje en la generación del llamado Baby Boom en los Estados Unidos (1946-1974) Giles, P. (otoño / 2007). Sentimental Posthumanism: David Foster Wallace. Twentieth Century Literature, After Postmodernism: Form and History in Contemporary American Fiction, 53(3), 327-344. Fishman, R. (1994). Urbanity and Suburbanity: Rethinkingthe ´Burbs. American Quarterly, 46(1), 35-39. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press. Berger, A. (2006). Drosscape: Wasting Land in Urban America. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Fishman, R. (1987). Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Suburbia. New York, NY, EUA: Basic Books. Débord, G. (1957, 2005). La sociedad del espectáculo (2ª ed.). (J. L. Pardo, Trad.) Madrid, España: Pre-Textos. Clarke, A. (2000). Tupperware: The Promise of Plastic in 1950´s America. Journal of the Art Libraries Society of America, 19(1), 58. Washington. Bobker, L., & Becker, L. (Directors). (1957). Crisis in Levittown [Pel·lícula]. EUA. Bureau, U. C. (21 / enero / 2015). www.census.gov. Consultat el 21 / enero / 2015, https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/table-2.pdf Canavati, A. (22 / febrero / 2010). Gordon Matta-Clark: fuera de borde / Off the Edge. Tesis de máster por la ETSAB. Barcelona, Catalunya, España. Capote, T. (1965). In Cold Blood (A sangre fría). EUA: Vintage Books. Publication 2590-9215 https://revistas.ufps.edu.co/index.php/perspectivas/article/download/2917/3510 https://revistas.ufps.edu.co/index.php/perspectivas/article/download/2917/3137 2020-01-01 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z 6 10.22463/25909215.2917 https://doi.org/10.22463/25909215.2917 23 |
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UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER |
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Revista Perspectivas |
title |
The Suburban Imaginary and Mass Media: A Reflection of its Construction and Disassembly in the so-called American Baby Boom Generation (1946-1974). |
spellingShingle |
The Suburban Imaginary and Mass Media: A Reflection of its Construction and Disassembly in the so-called American Baby Boom Generation (1946-1974). Maldonado-Flores, Diana Isabel Canavati-Espinosa, Alberto Castillo-Soriano, María de los Ángeles Suburbano, planificación urbana, imaginarios, American Way of Life, cine, literatura, televisión, arte Pop. Suburban, urban planning, imaginaries, American Way of Life, cinema, literature, television, Pop Art. |
title_short |
The Suburban Imaginary and Mass Media: A Reflection of its Construction and Disassembly in the so-called American Baby Boom Generation (1946-1974). |
title_full |
The Suburban Imaginary and Mass Media: A Reflection of its Construction and Disassembly in the so-called American Baby Boom Generation (1946-1974). |
title_fullStr |
The Suburban Imaginary and Mass Media: A Reflection of its Construction and Disassembly in the so-called American Baby Boom Generation (1946-1974). |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Suburban Imaginary and Mass Media: A Reflection of its Construction and Disassembly in the so-called American Baby Boom Generation (1946-1974). |
title_sort |
suburban imaginary and mass media: a reflection of its construction and disassembly in the so-called american baby boom generation (1946-1974). |
title_eng |
El imaginario suburbano y el Mass Media: una reflexión de su construcción y desmontaje en la generación del llamado Baby Boom en los Estados Unidos (1946-1974) |
description |
Según el Cambridge Dictionary, el significado de suburbio se remite a las partes periféricas de una ciudad, en donde hay casas, pero no hay una cantidad considerable de comercios, sitios de trabajo ni de solaz y esparcimiento; bien se comprende desde una perspectiva elemental, es decir, desde el último cuarto del siglo XVIII, sin embargo, a través de las últimas seis décadas, más específicamente desde 1946, y hasta 1974 (franja cronológica de la generación del Baby Boom) que tomaron lugar diversos recursos de información que hablan de este peculiar tipo de urbanización, representativa de la posguerra, y que dio forma a un estilo de vida que por un tiempo fue envidiado e imitado con sus respectivas reservas en otras partes del orbe. No obstante que estos imaginarios se han construido desde el tenor positivista de una sociedad industrializada, también han mutado hasta el desmontaje y la desmitificación de lo que antes se pensaba como el modelo ideal de ciudad. En este artículo se hará un abordaje acerca del papel que tanto la literatura como el cine y el arte han jugado en la idealización, la proyección, la construcción y el desmontaje del suburbio como un imaginario de aparente bienestar social para una gran parte de la sociedad estadunidense.
|
description_eng |
According to Cambridge Dictionary, the meaning of Suburbia is related to peripheral parts of a city where there are houses, but there is not a considerable amount of retailers, work places and leisure venues. Obviously this definition is understood from an elemental point of view, it is, since the ends of the 18th century according to the urban conditions of English and newly North American towns. Even so, throughout the last six decades, more specifically 1946 and 1974, there was an interesting, as well as a vast record of information regarding this peculiar sort of urban planning, so representative of a young and naïve post-war consumption society, that shaped a lifestyle that was envied as imitated abroad (with several local interpretations in all over the globe). However, these imaginaries, largely, have been built from the positivist perspectives of a society in the curb of its industrialization, but also as a result of the critical thinking, have mutated towards the disassembly and the demystifying of what once was considered the ideal way of making a new city from this outskirt urban-planning format. The role that cinema, literature and visual arts have played in the idealization, the projection, the construction and disassembly of Suburbia as an urban model of social aspiration, have been so influential in a large number of American families, who pretend to resemble the models shown in television media, and in certain way in literature, which has been a line of argument that gave rise to the advertising and programs in film and television industry. In this article there will be an approach about the role that both literature, cinema and art have played in the idealization, projection, construction and disassembly of the suburb as an imaginary of apparent social welfare for a large part of American society.
|
author |
Maldonado-Flores, Diana Isabel Canavati-Espinosa, Alberto Castillo-Soriano, María de los Ángeles |
author_facet |
Maldonado-Flores, Diana Isabel Canavati-Espinosa, Alberto Castillo-Soriano, María de los Ángeles |
topicspa_str_mv |
Suburbano, planificación urbana, imaginarios, American Way of Life, cine, literatura, televisión, arte Pop. |
topic |
Suburbano, planificación urbana, imaginarios, American Way of Life, cine, literatura, televisión, arte Pop. Suburban, urban planning, imaginaries, American Way of Life, cinema, literature, television, Pop Art. |
topic_facet |
Suburbano, planificación urbana, imaginarios, American Way of Life, cine, literatura, televisión, arte Pop. Suburban, urban planning, imaginaries, American Way of Life, cinema, literature, television, Pop Art. |
citationvolume |
6 |
citationissue |
1 |
citationedition |
Núm. 1 , Año 2021 : Enero-Junio |
publisher |
Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander |
ispartofjournal |
Revista Perspectivas |
source |
https://revistas.ufps.edu.co/index.php/perspectivas/article/view/2917 |
language |
Inglés |
format |
Article |
rights |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0. |
references_eng |
Toole, J. K. (1980). A Confederacy of Dunces (La conjura de los necios). NY, NY, EUA: Grove Press. Trout, J. (1969). "Positioning" is a Game People Play in Today´s me-too Market Place. Industrial Marketing, 54(6), 51-55. Tocqueville, A. d. (2013). La democracia en América. Barcelona: Trotta. Reps, J. W. (1965). The Making of Urban America: A History of City Planning in the U.S. NY: Princeton University Press . Smith, E. (2002). The Media, the Suburbs and the Politics of Space: Welcome to the Dreamhouse: Popular Media and Postwar Suburbs by Lynn Spigel. (L. Spigel, Ed.) American Quarterly, 54(2), 359-367. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press. Nichols, M. (Director). (1967). The Graduate (El Graduado). [Pel·lícula]. EUA. Nabokov, V. (2002). Lolita. (F. Roca, Trad.) Barcelona: Anagrama. Mumford, L. (2014). La ciudad en la historia. Madrid: España. Mc. Shane, C. (1990). Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939, by John R. Stilgoe. The New England Quarterly, 63(1), 164-169. Boston, MIT Press, University of Massachussets. Levitt, W. &. (Director). (1947). Levittown [Pel·lícula]. EUA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WJUVPoCP78. Marsh, M. (1994). Reading the Suburbs. American Quarterly, 46(1), 40-48. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press Macburnie, I. (1995). The Periphery and the American Dream. Journal of Architectural Education, 48(3). Taylor & Francis/Routledge, Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture. Lynch, K. (1998). La imagen de la ciudad. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili. Yates, R. (1961). Revolutionary Road. Barcelona: Alfaguara. Kunstler, J. H. (1996). Home from Nowhere: Remarking our Everyday World for the 21st. Century. Simon & Schuster. Kotler, J. (2005). Television Families: Is Something Wrong in Suburbia? by William Douglas. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(2), 534-535. National Council of Family Retations. Kirschenbaum, A. (1970). The Suburban Myth, by Scott Donaldson Review. American Sociological Review, 35(4), 789-790. Los Angeles, Chicago, SAGE Publishers. Jackson, K. (1985). Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. New York, NY, Estados Unidos de América: Oxford University Press. Wellman, B. (1999). From Little Boxes to Loosely Bounded Networks: The Privatization and Domestication of Community, Sociology for the Twenty-First Century: Continuities and Cutting Edges. Chicago, Illinois, EUA: The University of Chicago Press. Information obtained from the official Hodgson Houses / History page. http://www.hodgsonhouses.com Product Positioning: also called product positioning is a concept created by Jack Trout in 1969 to describe the way in which both consumer products and services could penetrate the imagination of the masses through movies, television and any media entity (Trout, 1969, p. 51-55). Yeoman: A man of lower class than the gentlemen, who cultivates his own land, who has political and civil rights. Reference: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/yeoman Excerpt from the song Little Boxes, by social activist and songwriter Malvina Reynolds alluding to the little boxes in which all people live within a homogenized consumer system in the United States. See http://singout.org/downloads/broadside/b020.pdf Franklin D. Roosevelt for all U.S. soldiers who had returned from the front lines during World War II and were able to reintegrate into civilian society while seeking employment, start their own business or purchase a home through financing. This stipend was also called the Service Readjustment Act. Source: http://www.legion.org/documents/legion/pdf/gibillpitkinpt1.pdf GI Bill: Support fund that was approved by Congress in 1944 by Republican Senator Harry Colmery and President Historical Review, 94(1), 98-99. Washington. Information obtained from the official Spartan Aircraft Company / History page: http://www.spartantrailer.com Information obtained from the official Sears website: http://www.searsarchives.com/homes/index.htm Information obtained from the official Canadian Museum of Civilization / A History of Canadian Mail-Order Catalogues website: http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/cpm/catalog/cat2104e.shtml. Information obtained from the official website of Ladie's Home Journal, February 1901 (A Home in a Prairie Town) and July 1901 (A Small Home with Lots of Room in it) issues: http://www.lhj.com/style/covers/125-years-of-ladies-home-journal-home-decorating/?page=2 Isenstadt, S. (2006). The Modern American House: Spaciousness and Middle Class Identity. NY, NY, EUA: Cambridge Univesity Press. Cambridge Massachussets. Gillon, S. (2004). Boomer Nation: The Largest and Richest Generation Ever, and How it Changed America. New York, NY, Estados Unidos de América: Free Press. Hohenberg, P. M. (1989). Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Suburbia by Robert Fishman. The American NewYork, NY, Estados Unidos de América: Berkeley Books. Hayden, D. (2002). Redesigning the American Dream: Gender, Housing and Family Life. NY: W.W. Norton & Company. Revista Contexto, 8(09), 17. Monterrey, Facultad de Arquitectura de la U.A.N.L. Amendola, G. (2000). La ciudad posmoderna. Madrid, Madrid, España: Celeste Ediciones. Anderson, K. (2001). Wartime Women: Sex Roles, Family Relations, and the Status of Women During World War II. Alcalá, R. R. (2014). La ciudad fragmentada y difusa hoy: Desde la ciudad emocional a la ciudad de la satisfacción. Arendt, H. (2013). Sobre la revolución. Barcelona: Alianza Editorial. Esguevillas, D. (2014). La casa californiana: experiencias domésticas de posguerra. Madrid / Buenos Aires, España / Argentina: Nobuko. Halpern, R. (2006). Norman Rockwell: The Underside of Innocence. Chicago, Illinois, Estados Unidos de América: University of Chicago Press. Graham, D. (Dic. / Ene. / 1966-1967). Homes for America. Arts Magazine. New York, Vanderbilt, New York University. Giles, P. (otoño / 2007). Sentimental Posthumanism: David Foster Wallace. Twentieth Century Literature, After Postmodernism: Form and History in Contemporary American Fiction, 53(3), 327-344. Fishman, R. (1994). Urbanity and Suburbanity: Rethinkingthe ´Burbs. American Quarterly, 46(1), 35-39. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press. Berger, A. (2006). Drosscape: Wasting Land in Urban America. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Fishman, R. (1987). Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Suburbia. New York, NY, EUA: Basic Books. Débord, G. (1957, 2005). La sociedad del espectáculo (2ª ed.). (J. L. Pardo, Trad.) Madrid, España: Pre-Textos. Clarke, A. (2000). Tupperware: The Promise of Plastic in 1950´s America. Journal of the Art Libraries Society of America, 19(1), 58. Washington. Bobker, L., & Becker, L. (Directors). (1957). Crisis in Levittown [Pel·lícula]. EUA. Bureau, U. C. (21 / enero / 2015). www.census.gov. Consultat el 21 / enero / 2015, https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/table-2.pdf Canavati, A. (22 / febrero / 2010). Gordon Matta-Clark: fuera de borde / Off the Edge. Tesis de máster por la ETSAB. Barcelona, Catalunya, España. Capote, T. (1965). In Cold Blood (A sangre fría). EUA: Vintage Books. |
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