Neuropatías en el embarazo

Las neuropatías en el embarazo aunque no muy frecuentes, sí generan un gran impacto en la calidad de vida cuando no se establece el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos. Existen varios mecanismos fisiopatológicos como los de origen mecánico, hormonal e inmunológico. La localización de la lesión neuronal dependerá del mecanismo y por ende tiene relación directa con el trimestre del embarazo. Así, las neuropatías de origen hormonal y mecánico asociadas con el embarazo, como la del túnel del carpo que es la más frecuente, se presentan más en el segundo y tercer trimestre, mientras las de estricta aparición mecánica como las que comprometen los miembros inferiores, ocurren en especial durante el parto. Otras neuropatías como las craneales son in... Ver más

Guardado en:

0121-7372

2462-991X

24

2015-09-01

168

174

http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud FUCS - 0

id cfb7c92a0359b4c45be2766e439d6c6a
record_format ojs
spelling Neuropatías en el embarazo
Steward JD. Focal peripheral neuropathies. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: ippincott Williams Wilkins; 2000.
Sa W, Rosenbaum RB. euromuscular disorders in pregnancy. Muscle erve. 2006;34( ): 9 71.
Thein R, Burstein G, Shabshin . abor related sacral stress fracture presenting as lower limb radicular pain. rthopedics. 2009; 32(6):447.
LaBan MM, Perrin J , atimer FR. Pregnancy and the herniated lumbar disc. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1983; 64(7):319 21.
Mantle MJ, Greenwood RM, urrey HL. Backache in pregnancy. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1977;16(2):9 101.
Fast A, Shapiro D, Ducommun EJ, Friedmann W, Bouklas , Floman . owback pain in pregnancy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1987;12(4):368 71.
Eltzschig K, ieberman ES, amann WR. Regional anesthesia and analgesia for labor and delivery. Engl J Med. 2003; 348(4):319 32.
Litwiller JP, Wells RE, alliwill JR, armichael SW, Warner MA. Effect of lithotomy positions on strain of the obturator and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves. Clin Anat. 2004;17(1):4 9.
Kitchen , Simpson J. Meralgia paresthetica. A review of 67 patients. Acta eurol Scand. 1972; 48( ): 47 .
Brannegan R . Femoral mononeuropathy induced by lithotomy position. Muscle Nerve. 1994;17(4):466.
Pleet AB, Massey EW. Intercostal neuralgia of pregnancy. JAMA. 1980;243(8):770.
al akim M, Katir i B. Femoral mononeuropathy induced by the lithotomy position: a report of cases with a review of literature. Muscle erve. 1993;16(9):891 .
Wong A, Scavone BM, Dugan S, Smith J , Prather , Ganchiff J , et al. ncidence of postpartum lumbosacral spine and lower e tremity nerve in uries. bstet Gynecol. 2003;101(2):279 88.
van Alfen , van Engelen BG. he clinical spectrum of neuralgic amyotrophy in 246 cases. Brain. 2006;129 (Pt 2):438 0.
Massey EW, Stolp KA. Peripheral neuropathy in pregnancy. Phys Med Rehabil Clin Am. 2008; 19(1):149 62.
Guidon A , Massey EW. euromuscular disorders in pregnancy. eurol lin. 2012; 30(3): 889 911.
Mondelli M, Rossi S, Monti E, Aprile , aliandro P, Pazzaglia , et al. Prospective study of positive factors for improvement of carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnant women. Muscle erve. 2007;36(6):778 83.
Padua , Aprile , aliandro P, arboni , Meloni A, Massi S, et al. Symptoms and neurophysiological picture of carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnancy. lin europhysiol. 2001;112(10):1946 1.
Seror P. Pregnancy related carpal tunnel syndrome. J and Surg Br. 1998; 23(1):98 101.
Katir i B, Wilbourn AJ, Scarberry S , Preston D . ntrapartum maternal lumbosacral ple opathy. Muscle erve. 2002;26(3):340 7.
Skeen MB, Eggleston M. horaconeuralgia gravidarum. Muscle erve. 1999; 22(6):779 80.12. Digre KB, arner MW, orbett JJ. Pseudotumor cerebri and pregnancy. eurology. 1984; 34(6):721 9. 37. Mendizabal JE
Padua , Di Pas uale A, Pazzaglia , iotta GA, ibrante A, Mondelli M. Systematic review of pregnancy related carpal tunnel syndrome. Muscle erve. 2010;42( ):697 702.
Vine S, Shaffer M, Pauley G, Margolis EJ. A review of the relationship between pregnancy and porphyria and presentation of a case. Ann ntern Med. 19 7;47(4):834 40.
Text
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREF
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Chaudhry , Escolar DM, ornblath DR. Worsening of multifocal motor neuropathy during pregnancy. eurology. 2002; 9(1):139 41.
Mendizabal JE, Bassam BA. Guillain–Barré syndrome and cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy. South Med J. 1997; 90 (1): 63–4.
Awater , erres K, Rudnik Sch neborn S. Pregnancy course and outcome in women with hereditary neuromuscular disorders: comparison of obstetric risks in 178 patients. Eur J bstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012;162(2):1 3 9.
Saperstein DS, Wolfe G , Gronseth GS, ations SP, erbelin , Bryan WW, et al. hallenges in the identification of cobalamin deficiency polyneuropathy. Arch eurol. 2003; 60(9):1296 301.
Niebyl JR. linical practice. ausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Engl J Med. 2010; 363(16):1 44 50.
Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, Mazziotta J. Bradley’s neurology in clinical practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2012.
Mc ombe PA, McManis PG, Frith JA, Pollard JD, Mc eod JG. hronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy associated with pregnancy. Ann Neurol. 1987;21(1):102 4.
Joint ask Force of the EF S and the P S. European Federation of eurological Societies Peripheral erve Society Guideline on management of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: report of a oint task force of the European Federation of eurological Societies and the Peripheral erve Society First Revision. J Peripher erv Syst. 2010;1 (1):1 9.
Mabie W . Peripheral neuropathies during pregnancy. lin bstet Gynecol. 200 ;48(1): 7 66.
Kuller JA, Katz , Mc oy M , ansen WF. Pregnancy complicated by Guillain Barré syndrome. South Med J. 199 ; 88(9): 987 9.
Graham RA. arpal tunnel syndrome: a statistical analysis of 214 cases. rthopedics. 1983; 6(10):1283 7.
Massey EW, Guidon A . Peripheral neuropathies in pregnancy. ontinuum (Minneap Minn). 2014; 20(1 eurology of Pregnancy):100 14.
Digre KB, arner MW, orbett JJ. Pseudotumor cerebri and pregnancy. eurology. 1984; 34(6):721 9.
Español
Las neuropatías en el embarazo aunque no muy frecuentes, sí generan un gran impacto en la calidad de vida cuando no se establece el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos. Existen varios mecanismos fisiopatológicos como los de origen mecánico, hormonal e inmunológico. La localización de la lesión neuronal dependerá del mecanismo y por ende tiene relación directa con el trimestre del embarazo. Así, las neuropatías de origen hormonal y mecánico asociadas con el embarazo, como la del túnel del carpo que es la más frecuente, se presentan más en el segundo y tercer trimestre, mientras las de estricta aparición mecánica como las que comprometen los miembros inferiores, ocurren en especial durante el parto. Otras neuropatías como las craneales son infrecuentes y obligan a descartar etiologías secundarias. Las polineuropatías más que estar relacionadas con el embarazo, son precipitadas o se pueden expresar durante esta condición. La siguiente revisión narrativa describe las neuropatías más comunes durante el embarazo según la localización, sintomatología, hallazgos clínicos, trimestre de aparición y presunto origen fisiopatológico.
Triana, Javier D.
Salgado, Sergio A.
polineuropatía
radiculopatía
embarazo
24
3
Núm. 3 , Año 2015 : Julio – Septiembre
Artículo de revista
application/pdf
Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá, Hospital de San José y Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud
https://revistas.fucsalud.edu.co/index.php/repertorio/article/view/610
Revista Repertorio de Medicina y Cirugía
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Alport AR, Sanderv W. linical approach to peripheral neuropathy: anatomic localization and diagnostic testing. ontinuum (Minneap Minn). 2012;18(1):13 38.
Huna Baron R, Kupersmith MJ. diopathic intracranial hypertension in pregnancy. J eurol. 2002; 249(8):1078 81.
Cohen , avie , Granovsky Grisaru S, Aboulafia , Diamant . Bell palsy complicating pregnancy: a review. bstet Gynecol Surv. 2000; (3):184 8.
Robinson JR, Pow JW. Bell’s palsy: a predisposition of pregnant women. Arch Otolaryngol. 1972; 9 (2):12 9.
Katz A, Sergienko R, Dior U, Wiznitzer A, Kaplan DM, Sheiner E. Bell’s palsy during pregnancy: is it associated with adverse perinatal outcome . aryngosco pe. 2011;121(7):139 8.
Gillman GS, Schaitkin BM, May M, Klein SR. Bell’s palsy in pregnancy: a study of recovery outcomes. tolaryngol ead eck Surg. 2002;126(1):26 30.
Adams Waldorf KM, elson J . Autoimmune disease during pregnancy and the microchimerism legacy of pregnancy. mmunol nvest. 2008;37( ):631 44.
Cernaro , ac uaniti A, upica R, Buemi A, rimboli D, Giorgianni G, et al. Rela in: new pathophysiological aspects and pharmacological perspectives for an old protein. Med Res Rev. 2014;34(1):77 10 .
Rezania K. euromuscular disorders in pregnancy. n: Minagar A, editor. eurological disorders and pregnancy. Amsterdam; Boston; eidelberg: Elsevier; 2011. p. 1 9 84.
Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud FUCS - 0
Bromberg MB. An electrodiagnostic approach to the evaluation of peripheral neuropathies. Phys Med Rehabil lin Am. 2013;24(1):1 3 68.
Publication
Bromberg MB. An approach to the evaluation of peripheral neuropathies. Semin Neurol. 2010;30(4):3 0 .
radiculopathy
Neuropathies in pregnancy, although not very frequent, do generate a great impact on the quality of life when diagnosis and timely treatment are not established. There are several physiopathological mechanisms such as those of mechanical, hormonal and immunological origin. The location of the neuronal lesion will depend on the mechanism and therefore has a direct relationship with the trimester of pregnancy. Thus, the neuropathies of hormonal and mechanical origin associated with pregnancy, such as the carpal tunnel that is the most frequent, occur more in the second and third trimesters, while those of strict mechanical appearance such as those involving the lower limbs, They occur especially during childbirth. Other neuropathies such as cranial neuropathies are infrequent and oblige to rule out secondary etiologies. Polyneuropathies, more than being related to pregnancy, are precipitated or can be expressed during this condition. The following narrative review describes the most common neuropathies during pregnancy according to location, symptomatology, clinical findings, trimester of onset and presumed pathophysiological origin.
Neuropathies in pregnancy
Journal article
polyneuropathy
pregnancy
https://revistas.fucsalud.edu.co/index.php/repertorio/article/download/610/651
174
2015-09-01
0121-7372
2462-991X
168
10.31260/RepertMedCir.v24.n3.2015.610
2015-09-01T00:00:00Z
https://doi.org/10.31260/RepertMedCir.v24.n3.2015.610
2015-09-01T00:00:00Z
institution FUNDACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA DE CIENCIA DE LA SALUD
thumbnail https://nuevo.metarevistas.org/FUNDACIONUNIVERSITARIADECIENCIADELASALUD/logo.png
country_str Colombia
collection Revista Repertorio de Medicina y Cirugía
title Neuropatías en el embarazo
spellingShingle Neuropatías en el embarazo
Triana, Javier D.
Salgado, Sergio A.
polineuropatía
radiculopatía
embarazo
radiculopathy
polyneuropathy
pregnancy
title_short Neuropatías en el embarazo
title_full Neuropatías en el embarazo
title_fullStr Neuropatías en el embarazo
title_full_unstemmed Neuropatías en el embarazo
title_sort neuropatías en el embarazo
title_eng Neuropathies in pregnancy
description Las neuropatías en el embarazo aunque no muy frecuentes, sí generan un gran impacto en la calidad de vida cuando no se establece el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos. Existen varios mecanismos fisiopatológicos como los de origen mecánico, hormonal e inmunológico. La localización de la lesión neuronal dependerá del mecanismo y por ende tiene relación directa con el trimestre del embarazo. Así, las neuropatías de origen hormonal y mecánico asociadas con el embarazo, como la del túnel del carpo que es la más frecuente, se presentan más en el segundo y tercer trimestre, mientras las de estricta aparición mecánica como las que comprometen los miembros inferiores, ocurren en especial durante el parto. Otras neuropatías como las craneales son infrecuentes y obligan a descartar etiologías secundarias. Las polineuropatías más que estar relacionadas con el embarazo, son precipitadas o se pueden expresar durante esta condición. La siguiente revisión narrativa describe las neuropatías más comunes durante el embarazo según la localización, sintomatología, hallazgos clínicos, trimestre de aparición y presunto origen fisiopatológico.
description_eng Neuropathies in pregnancy, although not very frequent, do generate a great impact on the quality of life when diagnosis and timely treatment are not established. There are several physiopathological mechanisms such as those of mechanical, hormonal and immunological origin. The location of the neuronal lesion will depend on the mechanism and therefore has a direct relationship with the trimester of pregnancy. Thus, the neuropathies of hormonal and mechanical origin associated with pregnancy, such as the carpal tunnel that is the most frequent, occur more in the second and third trimesters, while those of strict mechanical appearance such as those involving the lower limbs, They occur especially during childbirth. Other neuropathies such as cranial neuropathies are infrequent and oblige to rule out secondary etiologies. Polyneuropathies, more than being related to pregnancy, are precipitated or can be expressed during this condition. The following narrative review describes the most common neuropathies during pregnancy according to location, symptomatology, clinical findings, trimester of onset and presumed pathophysiological origin.
author Triana, Javier D.
Salgado, Sergio A.
author_facet Triana, Javier D.
Salgado, Sergio A.
topicspa_str_mv polineuropatía
radiculopatía
embarazo
topic polineuropatía
radiculopatía
embarazo
radiculopathy
polyneuropathy
pregnancy
topic_facet polineuropatía
radiculopatía
embarazo
radiculopathy
polyneuropathy
pregnancy
citationvolume 24
citationissue 3
citationedition Núm. 3 , Año 2015 : Julio – Septiembre
publisher Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá, Hospital de San José y Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud
ispartofjournal Revista Repertorio de Medicina y Cirugía
source https://revistas.fucsalud.edu.co/index.php/repertorio/article/view/610
language Español
format Article
rights http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud FUCS - 0
references Steward JD. Focal peripheral neuropathies. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: ippincott Williams Wilkins; 2000.
Sa W, Rosenbaum RB. euromuscular disorders in pregnancy. Muscle erve. 2006;34( ): 9 71.
Thein R, Burstein G, Shabshin . abor related sacral stress fracture presenting as lower limb radicular pain. rthopedics. 2009; 32(6):447.
LaBan MM, Perrin J , atimer FR. Pregnancy and the herniated lumbar disc. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1983; 64(7):319 21.
Mantle MJ, Greenwood RM, urrey HL. Backache in pregnancy. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1977;16(2):9 101.
Fast A, Shapiro D, Ducommun EJ, Friedmann W, Bouklas , Floman . owback pain in pregnancy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1987;12(4):368 71.
Eltzschig K, ieberman ES, amann WR. Regional anesthesia and analgesia for labor and delivery. Engl J Med. 2003; 348(4):319 32.
Litwiller JP, Wells RE, alliwill JR, armichael SW, Warner MA. Effect of lithotomy positions on strain of the obturator and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves. Clin Anat. 2004;17(1):4 9.
Kitchen , Simpson J. Meralgia paresthetica. A review of 67 patients. Acta eurol Scand. 1972; 48( ): 47 .
Brannegan R . Femoral mononeuropathy induced by lithotomy position. Muscle Nerve. 1994;17(4):466.
Pleet AB, Massey EW. Intercostal neuralgia of pregnancy. JAMA. 1980;243(8):770.
al akim M, Katir i B. Femoral mononeuropathy induced by the lithotomy position: a report of cases with a review of literature. Muscle erve. 1993;16(9):891 .
Wong A, Scavone BM, Dugan S, Smith J , Prather , Ganchiff J , et al. ncidence of postpartum lumbosacral spine and lower e tremity nerve in uries. bstet Gynecol. 2003;101(2):279 88.
van Alfen , van Engelen BG. he clinical spectrum of neuralgic amyotrophy in 246 cases. Brain. 2006;129 (Pt 2):438 0.
Massey EW, Stolp KA. Peripheral neuropathy in pregnancy. Phys Med Rehabil Clin Am. 2008; 19(1):149 62.
Guidon A , Massey EW. euromuscular disorders in pregnancy. eurol lin. 2012; 30(3): 889 911.
Mondelli M, Rossi S, Monti E, Aprile , aliandro P, Pazzaglia , et al. Prospective study of positive factors for improvement of carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnant women. Muscle erve. 2007;36(6):778 83.
Padua , Aprile , aliandro P, arboni , Meloni A, Massi S, et al. Symptoms and neurophysiological picture of carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnancy. lin europhysiol. 2001;112(10):1946 1.
Seror P. Pregnancy related carpal tunnel syndrome. J and Surg Br. 1998; 23(1):98 101.
Katir i B, Wilbourn AJ, Scarberry S , Preston D . ntrapartum maternal lumbosacral ple opathy. Muscle erve. 2002;26(3):340 7.
Skeen MB, Eggleston M. horaconeuralgia gravidarum. Muscle erve. 1999; 22(6):779 80.12. Digre KB, arner MW, orbett JJ. Pseudotumor cerebri and pregnancy. eurology. 1984; 34(6):721 9. 37. Mendizabal JE
Padua , Di Pas uale A, Pazzaglia , iotta GA, ibrante A, Mondelli M. Systematic review of pregnancy related carpal tunnel syndrome. Muscle erve. 2010;42( ):697 702.
Vine S, Shaffer M, Pauley G, Margolis EJ. A review of the relationship between pregnancy and porphyria and presentation of a case. Ann ntern Med. 19 7;47(4):834 40.
Chaudhry , Escolar DM, ornblath DR. Worsening of multifocal motor neuropathy during pregnancy. eurology. 2002; 9(1):139 41.
Mendizabal JE, Bassam BA. Guillain–Barré syndrome and cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy. South Med J. 1997; 90 (1): 63–4.
Awater , erres K, Rudnik Sch neborn S. Pregnancy course and outcome in women with hereditary neuromuscular disorders: comparison of obstetric risks in 178 patients. Eur J bstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012;162(2):1 3 9.
Saperstein DS, Wolfe G , Gronseth GS, ations SP, erbelin , Bryan WW, et al. hallenges in the identification of cobalamin deficiency polyneuropathy. Arch eurol. 2003; 60(9):1296 301.
Niebyl JR. linical practice. ausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Engl J Med. 2010; 363(16):1 44 50.
Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, Mazziotta J. Bradley’s neurology in clinical practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2012.
Mc ombe PA, McManis PG, Frith JA, Pollard JD, Mc eod JG. hronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy associated with pregnancy. Ann Neurol. 1987;21(1):102 4.
Joint ask Force of the EF S and the P S. European Federation of eurological Societies Peripheral erve Society Guideline on management of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: report of a oint task force of the European Federation of eurological Societies and the Peripheral erve Society First Revision. J Peripher erv Syst. 2010;1 (1):1 9.
Mabie W . Peripheral neuropathies during pregnancy. lin bstet Gynecol. 200 ;48(1): 7 66.
Kuller JA, Katz , Mc oy M , ansen WF. Pregnancy complicated by Guillain Barré syndrome. South Med J. 199 ; 88(9): 987 9.
Graham RA. arpal tunnel syndrome: a statistical analysis of 214 cases. rthopedics. 1983; 6(10):1283 7.
Massey EW, Guidon A . Peripheral neuropathies in pregnancy. ontinuum (Minneap Minn). 2014; 20(1 eurology of Pregnancy):100 14.
Digre KB, arner MW, orbett JJ. Pseudotumor cerebri and pregnancy. eurology. 1984; 34(6):721 9.
Alport AR, Sanderv W. linical approach to peripheral neuropathy: anatomic localization and diagnostic testing. ontinuum (Minneap Minn). 2012;18(1):13 38.
Huna Baron R, Kupersmith MJ. diopathic intracranial hypertension in pregnancy. J eurol. 2002; 249(8):1078 81.
Cohen , avie , Granovsky Grisaru S, Aboulafia , Diamant . Bell palsy complicating pregnancy: a review. bstet Gynecol Surv. 2000; (3):184 8.
Robinson JR, Pow JW. Bell’s palsy: a predisposition of pregnant women. Arch Otolaryngol. 1972; 9 (2):12 9.
Katz A, Sergienko R, Dior U, Wiznitzer A, Kaplan DM, Sheiner E. Bell’s palsy during pregnancy: is it associated with adverse perinatal outcome . aryngosco pe. 2011;121(7):139 8.
Gillman GS, Schaitkin BM, May M, Klein SR. Bell’s palsy in pregnancy: a study of recovery outcomes. tolaryngol ead eck Surg. 2002;126(1):26 30.
Adams Waldorf KM, elson J . Autoimmune disease during pregnancy and the microchimerism legacy of pregnancy. mmunol nvest. 2008;37( ):631 44.
Cernaro , ac uaniti A, upica R, Buemi A, rimboli D, Giorgianni G, et al. Rela in: new pathophysiological aspects and pharmacological perspectives for an old protein. Med Res Rev. 2014;34(1):77 10 .
Rezania K. euromuscular disorders in pregnancy. n: Minagar A, editor. eurological disorders and pregnancy. Amsterdam; Boston; eidelberg: Elsevier; 2011. p. 1 9 84.
Bromberg MB. An electrodiagnostic approach to the evaluation of peripheral neuropathies. Phys Med Rehabil lin Am. 2013;24(1):1 3 68.
Bromberg MB. An approach to the evaluation of peripheral neuropathies. Semin Neurol. 2010;30(4):3 0 .
type_driver info:eu-repo/semantics/article
type_coar http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
type_version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
type_coarversion http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
type_content Text
publishDate 2015-09-01
date_accessioned 2015-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_available 2015-09-01T00:00:00Z
url https://revistas.fucsalud.edu.co/index.php/repertorio/article/view/610
url_doi https://doi.org/10.31260/RepertMedCir.v24.n3.2015.610
issn 0121-7372
eissn 2462-991X
doi 10.31260/RepertMedCir.v24.n3.2015.610
citationstartpage 168
citationendpage 174
url2_str_mv https://revistas.fucsalud.edu.co/index.php/repertorio/article/download/610/651
_version_ 1797159693477478400