Ansiedad en deportistas: género y tipo de diferencias deportivas
El estudio de la ansiedad, ha sido fructífero en la investigación en Psicología del Deporte. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la ansiedad deportiva de los atletas, con respecto a su género y el tipo de deporte. Se aplicó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales con 601 atletas portugueses. De ellos, 172 (28.6%) eran mujeres y 429 (71.4%) eran hombres. Competían en modalidades individuales (por ejemplo, atletismo, escalada, orientación, surf, natación, tenis; 42.6%) y deportes de equipo (por ejemplo, baloncesto, balonmano, rugby, fútbol, voleibol; 57.4%). La edad de los participantes osciló entre 12 y 47 años (M = 17.44 años; SD = 4.99). Se investigaron la invariancia de medición y las comparaciones de medias latentes. Se detectaron d... Ver más
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International Journal of Psychological Research - 2019
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UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN BUENAVENTURA |
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Colombia |
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International Journal of Psychological Research |
| title |
Ansiedad en deportistas: género y tipo de diferencias deportivas |
| spellingShingle |
Ansiedad en deportistas: género y tipo de diferencias deportivas Correia, Marco Estêvão Rosado, António Deportes Invarianza de Medida Deportistas Ansiedad Anxiety Athletes Measurement Invariance Sports |
| title_short |
Ansiedad en deportistas: género y tipo de diferencias deportivas |
| title_full |
Ansiedad en deportistas: género y tipo de diferencias deportivas |
| title_fullStr |
Ansiedad en deportistas: género y tipo de diferencias deportivas |
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Ansiedad en deportistas: género y tipo de diferencias deportivas |
| title_sort |
ansiedad en deportistas: género y tipo de diferencias deportivas |
| description |
El estudio de la ansiedad, ha sido fructífero en la investigación en Psicología del Deporte. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la ansiedad deportiva de los atletas, con respecto a su género y el tipo de deporte. Se aplicó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales con 601 atletas portugueses. De ellos, 172 (28.6%) eran mujeres y 429 (71.4%) eran hombres. Competían en modalidades individuales (por ejemplo, atletismo, escalada, orientación, surf, natación, tenis; 42.6%) y deportes de equipo (por ejemplo, baloncesto, balonmano, rugby, fútbol, voleibol; 57.4%). La edad de los participantes osciló entre 12 y 47 años (M = 17.44 años; SD = 4.99). Se investigaron la invariancia de medición y las comparaciones de medias latentes. Se detectaron diferencias significativas entre los atletas masculinos y femeninos y entre los deportes individuales y de equipo. Las atletas femininas y los atletas de deportes individuales presentaron niveles más altos de ansiedad deportiva general. Los resultados de esta investigación proporcionaron evidencia de que la ansiedad es apreciada de manera diferente por los atletas, con respecto a su género y tipo de deporte.
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| description_eng |
The study of anxiety, specifically its relations with sociodemographic variables, has been fruitfull in sport psychology research. This study aimed to investigate athletes’ sport anxiety regarding differences in gender and sport played. An application of structural equation modeling was made, with 601 Portuguese athletes. From them 172 (28.6%) were female and 429 (71.4%) were male. They competed in a variety of individual (e.g., athletics, climbing, orienteering, surfing, swimming, tennis; 42.6%) and team sports (e.g., basketball, handball, rugby, soccer, volleyball; 57.4%). Participants’ age ranged from 12 to 47 years (M = 17.44 years; SD = 4.99). After testing the measurement invariance of the first and second-order models, across gender and type of sport (individual vs. team), latent mean comparisons were investigated and Cohen’s d (1988) statistic was computed to obtain the corresponding effect sizes (Kline, 2016). Significant differences were detected between male and female athletes and between individual and team sports. Female and individual sports athletes presented higher levels of general sports anxiety. The results of this research provided evidence that anxiety is appraised differently by athletes based on their gender and type of sport.
|
| author |
Correia, Marco Estêvão Rosado, António |
| author_facet |
Correia, Marco Estêvão Rosado, António |
| topicspa_str_mv |
Deportes Invarianza de Medida Deportistas Ansiedad |
| topic |
Deportes Invarianza de Medida Deportistas Ansiedad Anxiety Athletes Measurement Invariance Sports |
| topic_facet |
Deportes Invarianza de Medida Deportistas Ansiedad Anxiety Athletes Measurement Invariance Sports |
| citationvolume |
12 |
| citationissue |
1 |
| publisher |
Universidad San Buenaventura - USB (Colombia) |
| ispartofjournal |
International Journal of Psychological Research |
| source |
https://revistas.usb.edu.co/index.php/IJPR/article/view/3552 |
| language |
Inglés |
| format |
Article |
| rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 International Journal of Psychological Research - 2019 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
| references_eng |
Arbuckle, J. (2008). AMOS17 users guide (Version 18). Chicago, IL: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238 Bentler, P. M., & Wu, E. J. C. (1993). EQS/Windows user’s guide. Los Angeles: BMDP Statistical Software. Blunch, N. J. (2008). Introduction to structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Bollen, K. A., & Stine, R. A. (1993). Bootstrapping Goodness-of-Fit Measures in Structural Equation Models In Bollen, K. Long, J., Testing Structural Equation Models, 111-135. Sage Focus Edition, Newbury Park, CA. Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with Amos: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Taylor and Francis Group. Chen, F. F., Sousa, K. H., & West, S. G. (2005). Teacher’s corner: Testing measurement invariance of second-order factor models. Structural equation modeling, 12(3), 471-492. doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1203_7 Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural equation modeling, 9(2), 233-255. doi:10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5 Clifton, R. T., & Gill, D. L. (1994). Gender differences in self-confidence on a feminine-typed task. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 16(2), 150–162. doi:10.1123/jsep.16.2.150 Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates. Correia, M. E., & Rosado, A. (2018). Fear of failure and anxiety in sport. Análise Psicológica, 36(1), 75-86. doi:10.14417/ap.1193 Cruz, J. F., & Gomes, A. R. (2007). Escala de Ansiedade no Desporto (EAD-2)–Versão para investigação [The Sport Anxiety Scale-2]. Braga: Universidade do Minho. Deng, L., & Yuan, K. H. (2016). Comparing latent means without mean structure models: a projection-based approach. Psychometrika, 81(3), 802-829. doi:10.1007/s11336-015-9491-8 Dias, C., Cruz, J., & Fonseca, A. (2010). Coping Strategies, Multidimensional Competitive Anxiety and Cognitive Threat Appraisal: Differences across sex age and type of sport. Serbian Journal of Sports Sciences, 4(1), 23-31. Recovered of: https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/handle/1822/16596 Dunn, J. G., Dunn, J. C., Wilson, P., & Syrotuik, D. G. (2000). Reexamining the factorial composition and factor structure of the Sport Anxiety Scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 22(2), 183-193. doi:10.1123/jsep.22.2.183 Gill, D., Williams, L., & Reifsteck, E. (2017). Psychological Dynamics of Sport and Exercise.United States: Human Kinetics. Guillén, F., & Laborde, S. (2014). Higher-order structure of mental toughness and the analysis of latent mean differences between athletes from 34 disciplines and non-athletes. Personality and Individual Differences, 60, 30-35. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.019 Grossbard, J. R., Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Cumming, S. P. (2009). Competitive anxiety in young athletes: Differentiating somatic anxiety, worry, and concentration disruption. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 22(2), 153–166. doi:10.1080/10615800802020643 Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2009). Análise multivariada de dados. Bookman Editora. Hamidi, S., & Besharat, M. A. (2010). Perfectionism and competitive anxiety in athletes. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 813-817. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.190 Hanton, S., Neil, R., Mellalieu, S. D., & Fletcher, D. (2008). Competitive experience and performance status: An investigation into multidimensional anxiety and coping. European Journal of Sport Science, 8(3), 143-152. doi:10.1080/17461390801987984 Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 Jones, J. G., & Cale, A. (1989). Relationships between multidimensional competitive state anxiety and cognitive and motor subcomponents of performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 7(3), 229-240. doi:10.1080/02640418908729843 Kirkby, R. J., & Liu, J. (1999). Precompetition anxiety in Chinese athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88(1), 297-303. doi:10.2466/pms.1999.88.1.297 Koehn, S. (2013). Effects of confidence and anxiety on flow state in competition. European journal of sport science, 13(5), 543-550. doi:10.1080/17461391.2012.746731 Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). New York: The Guilford Press. Kristjánsdóttir, H., Erlingsdóttir, A. V., Sveinsson, G., & Saavedra, J. M. (2018). Psychological skills, mental toughness and anxiety in elite handball players. Personality and Individual Differences, 134, 125-130. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.06.011 Liu, W., Lei, H., Li, L., Yi, J., Zhong, M.,Yang, Y., & Zhu, X. (2015). Factorial invariance of the mood and anxiety symptom questionnaire-short form across gender. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 136-140. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.036 Loehlin, J. C. (2003). Latent variable models: An introduction to factor, path, and structural equation analysis (4th ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Marôco J. (2010). [Structural equation modeling: Theoretical foundations, software and aplications]. Lisboa, Portugal: Report Number, 374 p. Portuguese. Marsh, H. W., Hau, K.-T., & Grayson, D. (2005). Goodness of Fit in Structural Equation Models. In A. Maydeu-Olivares & J. J. McArdle (Eds.), Multivariate applications book series. Contemporary psychometrics: A festschrift for Roderick P. McDonald(pp. 275-340). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Martens, R. Vealey, R. S., & Burton, D. (1990). Competitive anxiety in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Newsom, J. (2005). Practical approaches to dealing with nonnormal and categorical variables. Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York, NY: McGraw Hill. O’Donoghue, P., & Neil, R. (2015). Relative age effect on behavioural regulation, burnout potential and anxiety of sports students. European Journal of Human Movement, 35, 1-11. Recovered of: https://repository.cardiffmet.ac.uk/handle/10369/7840 Perry, J. D., & Williams, J. M. (1998). Relationship of intensity and direction of competitive trait anxiety to skill level and gender in tennis. The Sport Psychologist, 12(2), 169-179. doi:10.1123/tsp.12.2.169 Prapavessis, H., Maddison, R., & Fletcher, R. (2005). Further examination of the factor integrity of the Sport Anxiety Scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 27(2), 253-260. doi:10.1123/jsep.27.2.253 Ramis, Y., Viladrich, C., Sousa, C., & Jannes, C. (2015). Exploring the factorial structure of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2: Invariance across language, gender, age and type of sport. Psicothema, 27(2), 174-181. doi:10.7334/psicothema2014.263 Ramis, Y., Torregosa, M., Viladrich, C. y Cruz, J. (2010). Adaptación y validación de la versión española de la Escala de Ansiedad Competitiva SAS-2 para deportista de iniciación. Psicothema, 22(4), 1004-1009. Recovered of: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/727/72715515070.pdf Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., Cumming, S. P., & Grossbard, J. R. (2006). Measurement of multidimensional sport performance anxiety in children and adults: The Sport Anxiety Scale-2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 28, 479-501. doi:10.1123/jsep.28.4.479 Smith, R.E., Smoll, F.L., & Schutz, R.W. (1990). Measurement and correlates of sport-specific cognitive and somatic trait anxiety: The Sport Anxiety Scale. Anxiety Research, 2, 263-280. doi:10.1080/08917779008248733 Stenling, A., Hassmén, P., & Holmström, S. (2014). Implicit beliefs of ability, approach-avoidance goals and cognitive anxiety among team sport athletes. European journal of sport science, 14(7), 720-729. doi:10.1080/17461391.2014.901419 Terry, P. C., Cox, J. A., Lane, A. M., & Karageorghis, C. I. (1996). Measures of anxiety among tennis players in singles and doubles matches. Perceptual and motor skills, 83(2), 595-603. doi:10.2466/pms.1996.83.2.595 Tsaousis, I., & Kasi, S. (2013). Factorial invariance and latent mean differences of scores on trait emotional intelligence across gender and age. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(2), 169-173. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.08.016 Turman, P. D. (2003). Coaches and cohesion: The impact of coaching techniques on team cohesion in the small group sport setting. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 26(1), 86-104. Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4-70. doi:10.1177/109442810031002 Vaughn, B., Lee, H-Y, & Kamata, A. (2012). Reliability. In G. Tenenbaum, R. Eklund, & A. Kamatato (Eds.), Measurement in sport and exercise psychology (pp. 25-32) Champaign, IL, Human Kinetics. |
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Ansiedad en deportistas: género y tipo de diferencias deportivas Ansiedad en deportistas: género y tipo de diferencias deportivas Artículo de revista Deportes Invarianza de Medida Deportistas Ansiedad El estudio de la ansiedad, ha sido fructífero en la investigación en Psicología del Deporte. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la ansiedad deportiva de los atletas, con respecto a su género y el tipo de deporte. Se aplicó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales con 601 atletas portugueses. De ellos, 172 (28.6%) eran mujeres y 429 (71.4%) eran hombres. Competían en modalidades individuales (por ejemplo, atletismo, escalada, orientación, surf, natación, tenis; 42.6%) y deportes de equipo (por ejemplo, baloncesto, balonmano, rugby, fútbol, voleibol; 57.4%). La edad de los participantes osciló entre 12 y 47 años (M = 17.44 años; SD = 4.99). Se investigaron la invariancia de medición y las comparaciones de medias latentes. Se detectaron diferencias significativas entre los atletas masculinos y femeninos y entre los deportes individuales y de equipo. Las atletas femininas y los atletas de deportes individuales presentaron niveles más altos de ansiedad deportiva general. Los resultados de esta investigación proporcionaron evidencia de que la ansiedad es apreciada de manera diferente por los atletas, con respecto a su género y tipo de deporte. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Text Arbuckle, J. (2008). AMOS17 users guide (Version 18). Chicago, IL: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238 Bentler, P. M., & Wu, E. J. C. (1993). EQS/Windows user’s guide. Los Angeles: BMDP Statistical Software. Blunch, N. J. (2008). Introduction to structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Bollen, K. A., & Stine, R. A. (1993). Bootstrapping Goodness-of-Fit Measures in Structural Equation Models In Bollen, K. Long, J., Testing Structural Equation Models, 111-135. Sage Focus Edition, Newbury Park, CA. Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with Amos: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Taylor and Francis Group. Chen, F. F., Sousa, K. H., & West, S. G. (2005). Teacher’s corner: Testing measurement invariance of second-order factor models. Structural equation modeling, 12(3), 471-492. doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1203_7 Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural equation modeling, 9(2), 233-255. doi:10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5 Clifton, R. T., & Gill, D. L. (1994). Gender differences in self-confidence on a feminine-typed task. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 16(2), 150–162. doi:10.1123/jsep.16.2.150 Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates. Correia, M. E., & Rosado, A. (2018). Fear of failure and anxiety in sport. Análise Psicológica, 36(1), 75-86. doi:10.14417/ap.1193 Cruz, J. F., & Gomes, A. R. (2007). Escala de Ansiedade no Desporto (EAD-2)–Versão para investigação [The Sport Anxiety Scale-2]. Braga: Universidade do Minho. Deng, L., & Yuan, K. H. (2016). Comparing latent means without mean structure models: a projection-based approach. Psychometrika, 81(3), 802-829. doi:10.1007/s11336-015-9491-8 Dias, C., Cruz, J., & Fonseca, A. (2010). Coping Strategies, Multidimensional Competitive Anxiety and Cognitive Threat Appraisal: Differences across sex age and type of sport. Serbian Journal of Sports Sciences, 4(1), 23-31. Recovered of: https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/handle/1822/16596 Dunn, J. G., Dunn, J. C., Wilson, P., & Syrotuik, D. G. (2000). Reexamining the factorial composition and factor structure of the Sport Anxiety Scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 22(2), 183-193. doi:10.1123/jsep.22.2.183 Gill, D., Williams, L., & Reifsteck, E. (2017). Psychological Dynamics of Sport and Exercise.United States: Human Kinetics. Guillén, F., & Laborde, S. (2014). Higher-order structure of mental toughness and the analysis of latent mean differences between athletes from 34 disciplines and non-athletes. Personality and Individual Differences, 60, 30-35. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.019 Grossbard, J. R., Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Cumming, S. P. (2009). Competitive anxiety in young athletes: Differentiating somatic anxiety, worry, and concentration disruption. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 22(2), 153–166. doi:10.1080/10615800802020643 Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2009). Análise multivariada de dados. Bookman Editora. Hamidi, S., & Besharat, M. A. (2010). Perfectionism and competitive anxiety in athletes. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 813-817. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.190 Hanton, S., Neil, R., Mellalieu, S. D., & Fletcher, D. (2008). Competitive experience and performance status: An investigation into multidimensional anxiety and coping. European Journal of Sport Science, 8(3), 143-152. doi:10.1080/17461390801987984 Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 Jones, J. G., & Cale, A. (1989). Relationships between multidimensional competitive state anxiety and cognitive and motor subcomponents of performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 7(3), 229-240. doi:10.1080/02640418908729843 Kirkby, R. J., & Liu, J. (1999). Precompetition anxiety in Chinese athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88(1), 297-303. doi:10.2466/pms.1999.88.1.297 Koehn, S. (2013). Effects of confidence and anxiety on flow state in competition. European journal of sport science, 13(5), 543-550. doi:10.1080/17461391.2012.746731 Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). New York: The Guilford Press. Kristjánsdóttir, H., Erlingsdóttir, A. V., Sveinsson, G., & Saavedra, J. M. (2018). Psychological skills, mental toughness and anxiety in elite handball players. Personality and Individual Differences, 134, 125-130. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.06.011 Liu, W., Lei, H., Li, L., Yi, J., Zhong, M.,Yang, Y., & Zhu, X. (2015). Factorial invariance of the mood and anxiety symptom questionnaire-short form across gender. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 136-140. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.036 Loehlin, J. C. (2003). Latent variable models: An introduction to factor, path, and structural equation analysis (4th ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Marôco J. (2010). [Structural equation modeling: Theoretical foundations, software and aplications]. Lisboa, Portugal: Report Number, 374 p. Portuguese. Marsh, H. W., Hau, K.-T., & Grayson, D. (2005). Goodness of Fit in Structural Equation Models. In A. Maydeu-Olivares & J. J. McArdle (Eds.), Multivariate applications book series. Contemporary psychometrics: A festschrift for Roderick P. McDonald(pp. 275-340). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Martens, R. Vealey, R. S., & Burton, D. (1990). Competitive anxiety in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Newsom, J. (2005). Practical approaches to dealing with nonnormal and categorical variables. Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York, NY: McGraw Hill. O’Donoghue, P., & Neil, R. (2015). Relative age effect on behavioural regulation, burnout potential and anxiety of sports students. European Journal of Human Movement, 35, 1-11. Recovered of: https://repository.cardiffmet.ac.uk/handle/10369/7840 Perry, J. D., & Williams, J. M. (1998). Relationship of intensity and direction of competitive trait anxiety to skill level and gender in tennis. The Sport Psychologist, 12(2), 169-179. doi:10.1123/tsp.12.2.169 Prapavessis, H., Maddison, R., & Fletcher, R. (2005). Further examination of the factor integrity of the Sport Anxiety Scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 27(2), 253-260. doi:10.1123/jsep.27.2.253 Ramis, Y., Viladrich, C., Sousa, C., & Jannes, C. (2015). Exploring the factorial structure of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2: Invariance across language, gender, age and type of sport. Psicothema, 27(2), 174-181. doi:10.7334/psicothema2014.263 Ramis, Y., Torregosa, M., Viladrich, C. y Cruz, J. (2010). Adaptación y validación de la versión española de la Escala de Ansiedad Competitiva SAS-2 para deportista de iniciación. Psicothema, 22(4), 1004-1009. Recovered of: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/727/72715515070.pdf Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., Cumming, S. P., & Grossbard, J. R. (2006). Measurement of multidimensional sport performance anxiety in children and adults: The Sport Anxiety Scale-2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 28, 479-501. doi:10.1123/jsep.28.4.479 Smith, R.E., Smoll, F.L., & Schutz, R.W. (1990). Measurement and correlates of sport-specific cognitive and somatic trait anxiety: The Sport Anxiety Scale. Anxiety Research, 2, 263-280. doi:10.1080/08917779008248733 Stenling, A., Hassmén, P., & Holmström, S. (2014). Implicit beliefs of ability, approach-avoidance goals and cognitive anxiety among team sport athletes. European journal of sport science, 14(7), 720-729. doi:10.1080/17461391.2014.901419 Terry, P. C., Cox, J. A., Lane, A. M., & Karageorghis, C. I. (1996). Measures of anxiety among tennis players in singles and doubles matches. Perceptual and motor skills, 83(2), 595-603. doi:10.2466/pms.1996.83.2.595 Tsaousis, I., & Kasi, S. (2013). Factorial invariance and latent mean differences of scores on trait emotional intelligence across gender and age. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(2), 169-173. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.08.016 Turman, P. D. (2003). Coaches and cohesion: The impact of coaching techniques on team cohesion in the small group sport setting. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 26(1), 86-104. Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4-70. doi:10.1177/109442810031002 Vaughn, B., Lee, H-Y, & Kamata, A. (2012). Reliability. In G. Tenenbaum, R. Eklund, & A. Kamatato (Eds.), Measurement in sport and exercise psychology (pp. 25-32) Champaign, IL, Human Kinetics. International Journal of Psychological Research - 2019 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Inglés https://revistas.usb.edu.co/index.php/IJPR/article/view/3552 International Journal of Psychological Research Universidad San Buenaventura - USB (Colombia) application/pdf 12 The study of anxiety, specifically its relations with sociodemographic variables, has been fruitfull in sport psychology research. This study aimed to investigate athletes’ sport anxiety regarding differences in gender and sport played. An application of structural equation modeling was made, with 601 Portuguese athletes. From them 172 (28.6%) were female and 429 (71.4%) were male. They competed in a variety of individual (e.g., athletics, climbing, orienteering, surfing, swimming, tennis; 42.6%) and team sports (e.g., basketball, handball, rugby, soccer, volleyball; 57.4%). Participants’ age ranged from 12 to 47 years (M = 17.44 years; SD = 4.99). After testing the measurement invariance of the first and second-order models, across gender and type of sport (individual vs. team), latent mean comparisons were investigated and Cohen’s d (1988) statistic was computed to obtain the corresponding effect sizes (Kline, 2016). Significant differences were detected between male and female athletes and between individual and team sports. Female and individual sports athletes presented higher levels of general sports anxiety. The results of this research provided evidence that anxiety is appraised differently by athletes based on their gender and type of sport. Correia, Marco Estêvão Rosado, António Anxiety Athletes Measurement Invariance Sports Publication 1 Journal article 9 2019-05-20 https://revistas.usb.edu.co/index.php/IJPR/article/download/3552/3302 2019-05-20T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.3552 10.21500/20112084.3552 2019-05-20T00:00:00Z 2011-7922 2011-2084 17 |