Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America
Some constitutional changes are constitutional amendments in name alone. These unusual constitutional changes dismantle the basic structure of the constitution while at the same time building a new foundation rooted in principles contrary to the old. They are self-conscious efforts to repudiate the essential characteristics of the constitution and to destroy its foundations. We should not understand changes on this scale as mere amendments. They are better understood as constitutional dismemberments. These constitutional changes disassemble one or more of the constitution’s elemental parts by altering a fundamental right, a load-bearing structural design, or a core aspect of the identity of the constitution. In this article, we draw from th... Ver más
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Richard Albert, Juliano Zaiden Benvindo, Milton César Jiménez Ramírez, Cristian Villalonga - 2022
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
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Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America Heiss, C., and Navia, P. You Win Some, You Lose Some: Constitutional Reforms in Chile’s Transition to Democracy. In Latin American Politics and Society. 49, 3, 2007. Navia, P. ¿Si puedes repararla, para que reemplazarla? Democratizar la Constitución de Pinochet en Chile. In Política y Gobierno. xxv, 2, 2018. Mcgarvie, M. Law and Religion in American History: Public Values and Private Conscience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Mendonça, H., and Oliveira, R. Os inaposentáveis: O limbo da Previdência brasileira. In El País. May 10, 2019. Available at: https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2019/05/09/politica/1557424323_548185.html [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Mazzone, J. Unamendments. In Iowa Law Review. Vol. 90, 2005. Melo, J.O. Historia mínima de Colombia. Madrid: Turner, 2017. Marshall, T. The Constitution’s Bicentennial: Commemorating the Wrong Document? In Vanderbilt Law Review. Vol. 40, 1987. Levinson, S. Responding to Imperfection: The Theory and Practice of Constitutional Amendment. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. Lagos, R. Una Constitución para el Chile del Bicentenario. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005. Joignant, A., and Fuentes, C. (ed.). La solución constitucional. Santiago: Catalonia. 2015. Ilhéu, T. Governo prevê mais cortes para o mec em 2020. In Guia do Estudante. September 2, 2019. Available at: https://guiadoestudante.abril.com.br/universidades/governo-prevemais-cortes-para-o-mec-em-2020/ [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Hube, C. Hacia un presidencialismo moderado. In García, J.F. (ed.), ¿Nueva Constitución o reforma? Santiago: Thomson Reuters, 2014. Heiss, C. Legitimacy Crisis and the Constitutional Problem in Chile: A Legacy of Authoritarianism. In Constellations. 24, 3, 2017. Hahm, C., and Kim, S.H. To Make “We the People”: Constitutional Founding in Postwar Japan and South Korea. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 8, 2010. Nogueira, H. (ed.). La Constitución reformada de 2005. Santiago: Librotecnia, 2005. Greene, J. Originalism’s Race Problem. In Denver University Law Review. Vol. 88, 2011. Gómez, A. La reforma del plebiscito, 1957. Bogotá: El Tiempo, 1991. Ginsburg, T., and Melton, J. Does the Constitutional Amendment Rule Matter at All? Amendment Cultures and the Challenges of Measuring Amendment Difficulty. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 13, 2015. Ginsburg, T. ¿Fruto de la parra envenenada? Algunas observaciones comparadas sobre la Constitución chilena. In Estudios Públicos. 133, 2014. García, J.F. (ed.). ¿Nueva Constitución o reforma? Santiago: Thomson Reuters, 2014. Fuentes, C. Shifting the Status Quo. Constitutional Reforms in Chile. In Latin American Politics and Society. 57, 1, 2015. Fuentes, C. El Pacto. Poder, Constitución y prácticas políticas en Chile (1990-2010). Santiago: Universidad Diego Portales, 2012. Fuentes, C. A Matter of Few: Dynamics of Constitutional Change in Chile 1990-2010. In Texas Law Review 89, 2011. Foner, E. Blacks and the Constitution 1789-1989. In New Left Review. Vol. 183, 1990. Fernández, M.A. Fortalezas y debilidades de la Constitución actual. In García, J.F. (ed.), ¿Nueva Constitución o reforma? Santiago: Thomson Reuters. 2014. Elkins, Z., Ginsburg, T., and Melton, J. The Endurance of National Constitutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Díaz de Valdés, J.M. La Reforma Constitucional del año 2005: contexto, impacto y tópicos pendientes. In Actualidad Jurídica 20, 2009. Cumplido, F. Reforma constitucional y régimen político. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005. Nieman, D. From Slaves to Citizens: African Americans, Rights Consciousness, and Reconstruction. In Cardozo Law Review. Vol. 17, 1996. Nogueira, H. La evolución político-constitucional de Chile. 1976-2005. In Estudios Constitucionales. 2, 2008. Conselho Nacional de Saúde. August 16, 2019. Available at: http://www.conselho.saude.gov.br/ultimas-noticias-cns/770-cortes-nos-recursos-do-sus-preocupam-especialistase-parlamentares [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Verdugo, S., and Contesse, J. The Rise and Fall of a Constitutional Moment. Lessons from the Chilean Experiment and the Failure of Bachelet’s Project. In International Journal of Constitutional Law Blog. March 13rd 2018. Available at: http://www.iconnectblog.com/2018/03/the-rise-and-fall-of-a-constitutional-moment-lessons-from-the-chileanexperiment-and-the-failure-of-bachelets-project/ Text http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREF http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Zúñiga, F. (ed.). Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005. Zapata, P. La casa de todos. La nueva Constitución que Chile merece y necesita. Santiago: Universidad Católica de Chile, 2015. Violini, L., and Baraggia, A. The Italian Constitutional Challenge: An Overview of the Upcoming Referendum. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. December 2, 2016. Available at: http://www.iconnectblog.com/2016/12/the-italian-constitutionalchallenge-an-overview-of-the-upcoming-referendum/ Vile, J. Encyclopedia of Constitutional Amendments, Proposed Amendments, and Amending Issues, 1789-2002. Santa Barbara: abc-clio, 2003. Villalonga, C., and Urbina, F.J. The Veto Player’s Repertoire. A Longitudinal Multilayered Analysis of the Chilean Constitutional Court’s Reasoning in Landmark Cases (1981-2019). Unpublished manuscript. Valencia Villa, H. Cartas de batalla. Una crítica del constitucionalismo colombiano. Bogotá: Panamericana, 2010. Ogawa, A. Peace, a Contested Identity: Japan’s Constitutional Revision and Grassroots Peace Movements. In Peace & Change. Vol. 36, 2011. Uprimny, R. and Gómez, D. Pacigerancia: el valor jurídico de los acuerdos de paz en el derecho internacional. In Latin American Law Review. 3, 2019. Uprimny, R. El centenario de la reforma constitucional de 1910. In El Espectador. 15th March 2010. Available at: https://www.elespectador.com/opinion/columnistas/rodrigouprimny/el-centenario-de-la-reforma-constitucional-de-1910-column-193216/ Tsebelis, G. Veto Players and Constitutional Change. Can Pinochet’s Constitution Be Unlocked? In Política y Gobierno. xxv, 1, 2018. Tirado, A. La Revolución en Marcha. El primer gobierno de Alfonso López Pumarejo. 1934-1938. Bogotá: unal y Debate, 2019. Silva Bacuñán, A. Tratado de derecho constitucional. Vol iii. Santiago: Jurídica de Chile, 1997. Scherer, S., and Jones, G. Renzi to Resign after Referendum Rout, Leaving Italy in Limbo. In Reuters. December 3, 2016. Schmitt, C. Teoría de la Constitución. Madrid: Alianza, 1983. Schmitt, C. Constitutional Theory. Durham: Duke University Press, 2008. Resende, T., and Pupo, F. Bolsonaro corta Orçamento de Programas Sociais em 2020. In Folha de Sao Paulo. September 3, 2019. Available at: https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/2019/09/bolsonaro-corta-orcamento-de-programas-sociais-em-2020.shtml [accessed: February 21, 2020]. Rawls, J. Political Liberalism. New York City: Columbia University Press, 1993. Port, K. Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution and the Rule of Law. In Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law. Vol. 13, 2004. Pfeffer, E. Reformas constitucionales 2005. Antecedentes, debates, informes. Santiago: Jurídica de Chile, 2005. Pardow, D., and Verdugo, S. El Tribunal Constitucional chileno y la reforma de 2005: un enroque entre jueces de carrera y académicos. In Revista de Derecho (Valdivia). 28, 1, 2015. Cristaldo, H. Presidente da Câmara diz que é contra nova assembleia constituinte. Agência Brasil, November 19, 2019. Available at: http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2019-11/presidente-da-camara-diz-que-e-contra-nova-assembleia-constituinte [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Cooley, T. The Power to Amend the Federal Constitution. In Michigan Law Journal. Vol. 2, 1893. CEA, J.L. Introducción. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005. Chilean Constitution, Revista Derecho del Estado Departamento de Derecho Constitucional Câmara dos Deputados. November 11, 2019. Available at: https://www.camara.leg.br/noticias/609406-bolsonaro-entrega-pacote-de-medidas-economicas-ao-congresso [accessed: February 21, 2020]. text/html application/pdf Artículo de revista Núm. 52 , Año 2022 : Mayo - Agosto 52 Colombian Constitution Brazilian Constitution, Español Latin American constitutional change, constitutional amendment procedures, constitutional dismemberment, Constitutional amendment, Villalonga, Cristian Jiménez Ramírez, Milton César Zaiden Benvindo, Juliano Albert, Richard Some constitutional changes are constitutional amendments in name alone. These unusual constitutional changes dismantle the basic structure of the constitution while at the same time building a new foundation rooted in principles contrary to the old. They are self-conscious efforts to repudiate the essential characteristics of the constitution and to destroy its foundations. We should not understand changes on this scale as mere amendments. They are better understood as constitutional dismemberments. These constitutional changes disassemble one or more of the constitution’s elemental parts by altering a fundamental right, a load-bearing structural design, or a core aspect of the identity of the constitution. In this article, we draw from three jurisdictions in Latin America—Brazil, Chile, and Colombia—to illustrate this phenomenon, to expose its variations, and to suggest that it entails serious implications. https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/view/7798 text/xml http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Albert, R. Formas y función de la enmienda constitucional. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2017. Cajas, M. La historia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia, 1886-1991. Tomo II. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes and icesi, 2015. Bunker, K. La elección de 2017 y el fraccionamiento del sistema de partidos en Chile. In Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política. 9, 2, 2018. Bernal, C., Barbosa, G., and Ciro, A. Justicia Transicional: retos teóricos. Vol. 1. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2016. Bernal, C. Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments in the Case Study of Colombia: An Analysis of the Justification and Meaning of the Constitutional Replacement Doctrine. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2013, 339-357. Benvindo, J.Z. The Brazilian Constitutional Amendment Rate: A Culture of Change? In International Journal of Constitutional Law Blog. August 10, 2016. Available at: http://www.iconnectblog.com/2016/08/the-brazilian-constitutional-amendment-ratea-culture-of-change/ [accessed: February 21, 2020]. Benvindo, J.Z. Constitutional Moments and Constitutional Thresholds in Brazil: Mass Protests and the “Performative Meaning” of Constitutionalism. In Albert, R., Bernal, C., and Benvindo, J.Z. (eds.), Constitutional Change and Transformation in Latin America. Oxford: Hart, 2019. Benvindo, J.Z. Brazil in the Context of the Debate over Unamendability in Latin America. In Albert, R., and Oder, B. (eds.), An Unamendable Constitution? Heidelberg: Springer, 2018. Benvindo, J.Z. The Forgotten People in Brazilian Constitutionalism: Revisiting Behavior Strategic Analyses of Regime Transitions. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 15, 2017. Richard Albert, Juliano Zaiden Benvindo, Milton César Jiménez Ramírez, Cristian Villalonga - 2022 Balkin, J.M. and Levinson, S. Understanding the Constitutional Revolution. In Virginia Law Review. Vol. 87, 2001. Arcoverde, L. Orçamento do governo federal prevê cortes para educação básica em 2020. G1, Sep. 13, 2019. Available at: https://g1.globo.com/educacao/noticia/2019/09/13/orcamento-do-governo-federal-preve-cortes-para-educacao-basica-em-2020.ghtml [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Atria, F. La Constitución tramposa. Santiago: lom, 2013. Arase, D. Japan, the Active State? Security Policy after 9/11. In Asian Survey. Vol. 47, 2007. Barbosa, L. História constitucional brasileira: mudança constitucional, autoritarismo e democracia no Brasil pós-1964. Brasília: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, 2012. Publication Andrade, C. La Reforma a la Constitución Política de la República de Chile de 1980. Santiago: Jurídica, 2002. Albert, R. Constitutional Amendment and Dismemberment. In The Yale Journal of International Law. 43, 2018. Albert, R. Constitutional Amendments: Making, Breaking, and Changing Constitutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. Constitución de Brasil, Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America Algunos cambios constitucionales son enmiendas constitucionales solo de nombre. En ocasiones, estos desmantelan la estructura básica de la constitución y, al mismo tiempo, sientan nuevos fundamentos para ella sobre principios contrarios a los antiguos. No debemos comprender los cambios a esta escala como meras enmiendas. Ellos se entienden mejor como desmembramientos constitucionales; es decir, esfuerzos deliberados por repudiar las características esenciales de la constitución y reemplazar sus fundamentos. Estos cambios re-articulan una o más de sus partes elementales, al alterar un derecho fundamental, el diseño institucional de su regulación orgánica o un aspecto determinante de su identidad. En el presente trabajo examinamos tres jurisdicciones de América Latina –Brasil, Chile y Colombia– para ilustrar este fenómeno y exponer sus variaciones y consecuencias. Reforma constitucional, desmembramiento constitucional, procedimientos de reforma constitucional, Journal article Constitución de Chile, Constitución de Colombia cambio constitucional en Latinoamérica, 2022-04-28T10:28:55Z https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/download/7798/13190 https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/download/7798/13191 https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/download/7798/13192 0122-9893 93 2346-2051 133 10.18601/01229893.n52.04 https://doi.org/10.18601/01229893.n52.04 2022-04-28 2022-04-28T10:28:55Z |
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Revista Derecho del Estado |
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Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
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Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America Villalonga, Cristian Jiménez Ramírez, Milton César Zaiden Benvindo, Juliano Albert, Richard Chilean Constitution, Colombian Constitution Brazilian Constitution, Latin American constitutional change, constitutional amendment procedures, constitutional dismemberment, Constitutional amendment, Constitución de Brasil, Reforma constitucional, desmembramiento constitucional, procedimientos de reforma constitucional, Constitución de Chile, Constitución de Colombia cambio constitucional en Latinoamérica, |
| title_short |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
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Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
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Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
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Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
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constitutional dismemberment in latin america |
| title_eng |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
| description |
Some constitutional changes are constitutional amendments in name alone. These unusual constitutional changes dismantle the basic structure of the constitution while at the same time building a new foundation rooted in principles contrary to the old. They are self-conscious efforts to repudiate the essential characteristics of the constitution and to destroy its foundations. We should not understand changes on this scale as mere amendments. They are better understood as constitutional dismemberments. These constitutional changes disassemble one or more of the constitution’s elemental parts by altering a fundamental right, a load-bearing structural design, or a core aspect of the identity of the constitution. In this article, we draw from three jurisdictions in Latin America—Brazil, Chile, and Colombia—to illustrate this phenomenon, to expose its variations, and to suggest that it entails serious implications.
|
| description_eng |
Algunos cambios constitucionales son enmiendas constitucionales solo de nombre. En ocasiones, estos desmantelan la estructura básica de la constitución y, al mismo tiempo, sientan nuevos fundamentos para ella sobre principios contrarios a los antiguos. No debemos comprender los cambios a esta escala como meras enmiendas. Ellos se entienden mejor como desmembramientos constitucionales; es decir, esfuerzos deliberados por repudiar las características esenciales de la constitución y reemplazar sus fundamentos. Estos cambios re-articulan una o más de sus partes elementales, al alterar un derecho fundamental, el diseño institucional de su regulación orgánica o un aspecto determinante de su identidad. En el presente trabajo examinamos tres jurisdicciones de América Latina –Brasil, Chile y Colombia– para ilustrar este fenómeno y exponer sus variaciones y consecuencias.
|
| author |
Villalonga, Cristian Jiménez Ramírez, Milton César Zaiden Benvindo, Juliano Albert, Richard |
| author_facet |
Villalonga, Cristian Jiménez Ramírez, Milton César Zaiden Benvindo, Juliano Albert, Richard |
| topicspa_str_mv |
Chilean Constitution, Colombian Constitution Brazilian Constitution, Latin American constitutional change, constitutional amendment procedures, constitutional dismemberment, Constitutional amendment, |
| topic |
Chilean Constitution, Colombian Constitution Brazilian Constitution, Latin American constitutional change, constitutional amendment procedures, constitutional dismemberment, Constitutional amendment, Constitución de Brasil, Reforma constitucional, desmembramiento constitucional, procedimientos de reforma constitucional, Constitución de Chile, Constitución de Colombia cambio constitucional en Latinoamérica, |
| topic_facet |
Chilean Constitution, Colombian Constitution Brazilian Constitution, Latin American constitutional change, constitutional amendment procedures, constitutional dismemberment, Constitutional amendment, Constitución de Brasil, Reforma constitucional, desmembramiento constitucional, procedimientos de reforma constitucional, Constitución de Chile, Constitución de Colombia cambio constitucional en Latinoamérica, |
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52 |
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Núm. 52 , Año 2022 : Mayo - Agosto |
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Departamento de Derecho Constitucional |
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Revista Derecho del Estado |
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https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/view/7798 |
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Español |
| format |
Article |
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http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Richard Albert, Juliano Zaiden Benvindo, Milton César Jiménez Ramírez, Cristian Villalonga - 2022 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. |
| references |
Heiss, C., and Navia, P. You Win Some, You Lose Some: Constitutional Reforms in Chile’s Transition to Democracy. In Latin American Politics and Society. 49, 3, 2007. Navia, P. ¿Si puedes repararla, para que reemplazarla? Democratizar la Constitución de Pinochet en Chile. In Política y Gobierno. xxv, 2, 2018. Mcgarvie, M. Law and Religion in American History: Public Values and Private Conscience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Mendonça, H., and Oliveira, R. Os inaposentáveis: O limbo da Previdência brasileira. In El País. May 10, 2019. Available at: https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2019/05/09/politica/1557424323_548185.html [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Mazzone, J. Unamendments. In Iowa Law Review. Vol. 90, 2005. Melo, J.O. Historia mínima de Colombia. Madrid: Turner, 2017. Marshall, T. The Constitution’s Bicentennial: Commemorating the Wrong Document? In Vanderbilt Law Review. Vol. 40, 1987. Levinson, S. Responding to Imperfection: The Theory and Practice of Constitutional Amendment. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. Lagos, R. Una Constitución para el Chile del Bicentenario. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005. Joignant, A., and Fuentes, C. (ed.). La solución constitucional. Santiago: Catalonia. 2015. Ilhéu, T. Governo prevê mais cortes para o mec em 2020. In Guia do Estudante. September 2, 2019. Available at: https://guiadoestudante.abril.com.br/universidades/governo-prevemais-cortes-para-o-mec-em-2020/ [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Hube, C. Hacia un presidencialismo moderado. In García, J.F. (ed.), ¿Nueva Constitución o reforma? Santiago: Thomson Reuters, 2014. Heiss, C. Legitimacy Crisis and the Constitutional Problem in Chile: A Legacy of Authoritarianism. In Constellations. 24, 3, 2017. Hahm, C., and Kim, S.H. To Make “We the People”: Constitutional Founding in Postwar Japan and South Korea. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 8, 2010. Nogueira, H. (ed.). La Constitución reformada de 2005. Santiago: Librotecnia, 2005. Greene, J. Originalism’s Race Problem. In Denver University Law Review. Vol. 88, 2011. Gómez, A. La reforma del plebiscito, 1957. Bogotá: El Tiempo, 1991. Ginsburg, T., and Melton, J. Does the Constitutional Amendment Rule Matter at All? Amendment Cultures and the Challenges of Measuring Amendment Difficulty. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 13, 2015. Ginsburg, T. ¿Fruto de la parra envenenada? Algunas observaciones comparadas sobre la Constitución chilena. In Estudios Públicos. 133, 2014. García, J.F. (ed.). ¿Nueva Constitución o reforma? Santiago: Thomson Reuters, 2014. Fuentes, C. Shifting the Status Quo. Constitutional Reforms in Chile. In Latin American Politics and Society. 57, 1, 2015. Fuentes, C. El Pacto. Poder, Constitución y prácticas políticas en Chile (1990-2010). Santiago: Universidad Diego Portales, 2012. Fuentes, C. A Matter of Few: Dynamics of Constitutional Change in Chile 1990-2010. In Texas Law Review 89, 2011. Foner, E. Blacks and the Constitution 1789-1989. In New Left Review. Vol. 183, 1990. Fernández, M.A. Fortalezas y debilidades de la Constitución actual. In García, J.F. (ed.), ¿Nueva Constitución o reforma? Santiago: Thomson Reuters. 2014. Elkins, Z., Ginsburg, T., and Melton, J. The Endurance of National Constitutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Díaz de Valdés, J.M. La Reforma Constitucional del año 2005: contexto, impacto y tópicos pendientes. In Actualidad Jurídica 20, 2009. Cumplido, F. Reforma constitucional y régimen político. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005. Nieman, D. From Slaves to Citizens: African Americans, Rights Consciousness, and Reconstruction. In Cardozo Law Review. Vol. 17, 1996. Nogueira, H. La evolución político-constitucional de Chile. 1976-2005. In Estudios Constitucionales. 2, 2008. Conselho Nacional de Saúde. August 16, 2019. Available at: http://www.conselho.saude.gov.br/ultimas-noticias-cns/770-cortes-nos-recursos-do-sus-preocupam-especialistase-parlamentares [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Verdugo, S., and Contesse, J. The Rise and Fall of a Constitutional Moment. Lessons from the Chilean Experiment and the Failure of Bachelet’s Project. In International Journal of Constitutional Law Blog. March 13rd 2018. Available at: http://www.iconnectblog.com/2018/03/the-rise-and-fall-of-a-constitutional-moment-lessons-from-the-chileanexperiment-and-the-failure-of-bachelets-project/ Zúñiga, F. (ed.). Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005. Zapata, P. La casa de todos. La nueva Constitución que Chile merece y necesita. Santiago: Universidad Católica de Chile, 2015. Violini, L., and Baraggia, A. The Italian Constitutional Challenge: An Overview of the Upcoming Referendum. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. December 2, 2016. Available at: http://www.iconnectblog.com/2016/12/the-italian-constitutionalchallenge-an-overview-of-the-upcoming-referendum/ Vile, J. Encyclopedia of Constitutional Amendments, Proposed Amendments, and Amending Issues, 1789-2002. Santa Barbara: abc-clio, 2003. Villalonga, C., and Urbina, F.J. The Veto Player’s Repertoire. A Longitudinal Multilayered Analysis of the Chilean Constitutional Court’s Reasoning in Landmark Cases (1981-2019). Unpublished manuscript. Valencia Villa, H. Cartas de batalla. Una crítica del constitucionalismo colombiano. Bogotá: Panamericana, 2010. Ogawa, A. Peace, a Contested Identity: Japan’s Constitutional Revision and Grassroots Peace Movements. In Peace & Change. Vol. 36, 2011. Uprimny, R. and Gómez, D. Pacigerancia: el valor jurídico de los acuerdos de paz en el derecho internacional. In Latin American Law Review. 3, 2019. Uprimny, R. El centenario de la reforma constitucional de 1910. In El Espectador. 15th March 2010. Available at: https://www.elespectador.com/opinion/columnistas/rodrigouprimny/el-centenario-de-la-reforma-constitucional-de-1910-column-193216/ Tsebelis, G. Veto Players and Constitutional Change. Can Pinochet’s Constitution Be Unlocked? In Política y Gobierno. xxv, 1, 2018. Tirado, A. La Revolución en Marcha. El primer gobierno de Alfonso López Pumarejo. 1934-1938. Bogotá: unal y Debate, 2019. Silva Bacuñán, A. Tratado de derecho constitucional. Vol iii. Santiago: Jurídica de Chile, 1997. Scherer, S., and Jones, G. Renzi to Resign after Referendum Rout, Leaving Italy in Limbo. In Reuters. December 3, 2016. Schmitt, C. Teoría de la Constitución. Madrid: Alianza, 1983. Schmitt, C. Constitutional Theory. Durham: Duke University Press, 2008. Resende, T., and Pupo, F. Bolsonaro corta Orçamento de Programas Sociais em 2020. In Folha de Sao Paulo. September 3, 2019. 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