Brazil in the fight against foreign bribery: Lessons from Odebrecht and Petrobras cases
With globalization expanding around the world during the 20th century, foreign bribery practices increased accordingly due to more and more financial and commercial transactions concluded across borders. Foreign bribery refers to unlawful payments to foreign government officials to assist in obtaining or retaining business. In Latin America, Brazil is the leading country in the prosecution and sanction of foreign bribery, having concluded several cases of foreign bribery, including a major one with substantial sanctions in 2016. The central question of the study from a legal point of view is what factors can explain Brazil’s results in prosecuting and sanctioning foreign bribery. The analysis of the resolution of bribery cases in Brazil sho... Ver más
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Brazil in the fight against foreign bribery: Lessons from Odebrecht and Petrobras cases Petrobras Memorias Forenses Tecnológico de Antioquia Artículo de revista Núm. 6 , Año 2023 : Enero - Diciembre 6 Brasil Petrobras acordo extrajudicial Corrupção transnacional Brasil Odebrecht Odebrecht Soborno trasnacional With globalization expanding around the world during the 20th century, foreign bribery practices increased accordingly due to more and more financial and commercial transactions concluded across borders. Foreign bribery refers to unlawful payments to foreign government officials to assist in obtaining or retaining business. In Latin America, Brazil is the leading country in the prosecution and sanction of foreign bribery, having concluded several cases of foreign bribery, including a major one with substantial sanctions in 2016. The central question of the study from a legal point of view is what factors can explain Brazil’s results in prosecuting and sanctioning foreign bribery. The analysis of the resolution of bribery cases in Brazil shows that several main factors explain Brazil’s success. In fact, Brazilian authorities participate in a coordinated resolution with other authorities, such as the American authorities. This was the scenario in some well-known bribery cases, such as the Odebrecht and Petrobras cases. In a coordinated resolution, authorities justify their actions with their own legal basis, they use instruments to resolve cases without trial and they create a final agreement that permits dividing the fine between the countries involved. Korb, Anne-Sophie solución extrajudicial OECD. (2016). The liability of legal persons for foreign bribery: a stocktaking report. https://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/Liability-Legal-Persons-Foreign-Bribery-Stocktaking.pdf Stanford Law School. (September 16, 2022). Largest U.S. Monetary Sanctions By Entity Group. FCAP. https://fcpa.stanford.edu/statistics-top-ten.html SEC. (September 27, 2018). Petrobras reaches settlement with SEC for misleading Investors. https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2018-215 Laforge, G. (2017). The sum of its parts: coordinating Brazil’s fight against corruption. Innovations for Successful Societies. Princeton University. OECD. (2019). Resolving Foreign Bribery Cases with Non-Trial Resolutions: Settlements and Non-Trial Agreements by Parties to the Anti-Bribery Convention. https://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/Resolving-foreign-bribery-cases-with-non-trial-resolutions.pdf OECD. (2017). Phase 3 Follow-up. https://www.oecd.org/corruption/anti-bribery/Brazil-Phase-3-Written-Follow-Up-Report-ENG.pdf Ministério Público Federal. (2017). Estudo técnico. http://www.mpf.mp.br/atuacao-tematica/ccr5/notas-tecnicas/docs/nt-01-2017-5ccr-acordo-de-leniencia-comissao-leniencia.pdf OECD. (Decembre 17, 1997). Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. https://www.oecd.org/corruption/oecdantibriberyconvention.htmOECD. (2014). Phase 3 Report. https://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/Brazil-Phase-3-Report-EN.pdf OCDE. (2004). Rapport de phase 1. https://www.oecd.org/fr/daf/anti-corruption/conventioncontrelacorruption/33745828.pdf Lei 12.850 de 02 de agosto de 2013. Define organização criminosa e dispõe sobre a investigação criminal, os meios de obtenção da prova, infrações penais correlatas e o procedimento criminal. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2011-2014/2013/lei/l12850.htm Miller, M. (2014). Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General For the Criminal Division, “Remarks at the Global Investigation Review Program”. https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/remarks-principal-deputy-assistant-attorney-general-criminal-division-marshall-l-miller Ministério Público Federal. (September 24, 2014). Termo de Colaboração premiada. Ministério Público Federal. (December 14, 2016). Braskem, Termo de Acordo de Leniência. Transparência Internacional Brasil. (2018). Transparência em relatórios corporativos, As 100 maiores empresas e os 10 maiores bancos brasileiros. https://transparenciacorporativa.org.br/TI-TRAC-2018.pdf Ministério Público Federal. (December 01, 2016). Odebrecht, Termo de Acordo de Leniência. Superintendencia de Sociedades. (09 de julio de 2018). SuperSociedades impone multa de $5.078 millones a Inassa por soborno transnacional. Noticias. https://www.supersociedades.gov.co/Noticias/Paginas/2018/supersociedades-impone-multa-de-5-078-millones-a-inassa-por-soborno-transnacional.aspx United States Supreme Court. (1971). Santobello v. Transparency International. (2020). Exporting Corruption. https://www.transparency.org/en/projects/exporting-corruption http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Text http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREF info:eu-repo/semantics/article Transparency International. (2022). What is corruption?. https://www.transparency.org/en/what-is-corruption United Nations. (2018). The costs of corruption: values, economic development under assault, trillions lost. https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/12/1027971 Yepes-López, G., García de la Torre C., &Schwalb Helguero M. (Eds.) (2019). Estado de las prácticas empresariales contra el soborno: primer estudio latinoamericano. https://www.pactoglobal-colombia.org/news/primer-estudio-latinoamericano-sobre-el-estado-de-las-practicas-empresariales-contra-el-soborno.html Janot, R. (2017b). The Role of Plea Bargains in the Fight Against Corruption in Brazil. Wilson Center, Event Sponsor: Brazil Institute. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/the-role-plea-bargains-the-fight-against-corruption-presentation-brazils-attorney-general United States of America against Odebrecht S.A. (2016). Plea Agreement. https://fcpa.stanford.edu/fcpac/documents/4000/003392.pdf United Nations Global Compact. (2018). Network Brazil, Integrity in the construction sector, discussing the challenges and proposing solutions to the industry, Global Compact Network Brazil. https://baselgovernance.org/publications/integrity-construction-sector United Nations Global Compact. (2015). A practical guide for collective action against corruption. https://www.unglobalcompact.org/library/1781 United Nations Convention against Corruption. (October 31, 2003). https://www.unodc.org/documents/brussels/UN_Convention_Against_Corruption.pdf Kiernan, P. (2014). Petrobras says received subpoena from SEC requesting documents. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/petrobras-says-received-subpoena-from-sec-requesting-documents-1416876432 Caiador, R. (August 19, 2019). Brazil: Handling Internal Investigations. Global Investigation Review. https://globalinvestigationsreview.com/review/the-investigations-review-of-the-americas/2020/article/brazil-handling-internal-investigations Janot, R. (2017a). Event Summary on “The Role of Plea Bargains in the Fight Against Corruption in Brazil”. Wilson Center, Event Sponsor: Brazil Institute. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/event/janot_summary.pdf http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Con la expansión de la globalización en todo el mundo durante el siglo XX, las prácticas de soborno trasnacional aumentaron debido a que cada vez se realizaron más transacciones financieras y comerciales a través de las fronteras. El soborno trasnacional se refiere a pagos ilegales a funcionarios de gobiernos extranjeros para obtener o retener negocios. En América Latina, Brasil es el país líder en la resolución de casos de soborno trasnacional, habiendo concluido varios casos, incluido uno con sanciones sustanciales en 2016. La pregunta del estudio se centra en los factores que pueden explicar, desde un punto de vista jurídico, los resultados de Brasil en tal resolución de casos de soborno trasnacional. El análisis de la resolución de casos en Brasil muestra que varios factores principales explican el éxito de Brasil. De hecho, las autoridades brasileñas participan en una resolución coordinada con otras autoridades, como las estadounidenses. Este fue el escenario en algunos casos de soborno muy conocidos, como los casos Odebrecht y Petrobras. En una resolución coordinada, las autoridades justifican sus acciones con sus propias bases legales, utilizan instrumentos para resolver casos sin tener que ir a juicio, a través de negociaciones, y crean un acuerdo final que permite dividir la multa pagada por la entidad jurídica entre los países involucrados. Foreign bribery non-trial resolution Odebrecht Petrobras Brazil Journal article application/pdf text/xml https://ojs.tdea.edu.co/index.php/mforenses/article/view/1215 Garapon, A., & Servan-Schreiber, P. (Dirs.). (2013). Deals de justice, Le marché américain de l’obéissance mondialisée. PUF. Inglés Publication Anne-Sophie Korb - 2022 Fontana, A., & Marques, S. (2017). Transforming Brazil’s anti-corruption record – Interview with Dr. Silvio Antonio Marques. Chr. Michelsen Institute (U4 Practitioner Experience Note 2017:2). https://www.u4.no/publications/transforming-brazils-anti-corruption-record Ellis, M. (December 08, 2016). The FCPA in Latin America: Common Corruption Risks and Effective Compliance Strategies for the region. BookBaby. Department of Justice and Securities and Exchange Commission. (2012). A Resource Guide to the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. https://www.justice.gov/criminal-fraud/file/1292051/download Arrieta, L. (2014). Taking the Jetinho Out of Brazilian Procurement: The Impact of Brazil’s Anti-Bribery Law. Public Contract Law Journal, 44(1), 157-178 Department of Justice (2018). Petroleo Brasileiro S.A., Non-Prosecution Agreement, September 26: https://fcpa.stanford.edu/fcpac/documents/5000/003744.pdf Department of Justice. (October 03, 2017). Odebrecht and Braskem plead guilty and agree to pay at least $3.5 billion in global penalties to resolve largest foreign bribery Case in history. U.S. Department of Justice https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/odebrecht-and-braskem-plead-guilty-and-agree-pay-least-35-billion-global-penalties-resolve Boston Consulting Group. (15 de march de 2018). Why multilatinas hold key Latin America economic future. https://www.bcg.com/publications/2018/why-multilatinas-hold-key-latin-america-economic-future Brooks, B. (May 17, 2019). Exclusive: FBI targets Johnson & Johnson, Siemens, GE, Philips in Brazil graft case-source. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-corruption-healthcare-exclusiv-idUSKCN1SN0ZZ Department of Justice. (2016). Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, An Overview. https://www.justice.gov/criminal-fraud/foreign-corrupt-practices-act Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0. Brasil en la Lucha contra el Soborno Trasnacional: Lecciones de los casos Odebrecht y Petrobras 2022-12-29T21:59:08Z 2022-12-29T21:59:08Z https://ojs.tdea.edu.co/index.php/mforenses/article/download/1215/1629 https://ojs.tdea.edu.co/index.php/mforenses/article/download/1215/1581 2022-12-29 2539-0147 2665-3443 75 https://doi.org/10.53995/25390147.1215 51 10.53995/25390147.1215 |
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TECNOLOGICO DE ANTIOQUIA INSTITUCION UNIVERSITARIA |
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Memorias Forenses |
| title |
Brazil in the fight against foreign bribery: Lessons from Odebrecht and Petrobras cases |
| spellingShingle |
Brazil in the fight against foreign bribery: Lessons from Odebrecht and Petrobras cases Korb, Anne-Sophie Petrobras Brasil Petrobras acordo extrajudicial Corrupção transnacional Brasil Odebrecht Odebrecht Soborno trasnacional solución extrajudicial Foreign bribery non-trial resolution Odebrecht Petrobras Brazil |
| title_short |
Brazil in the fight against foreign bribery: Lessons from Odebrecht and Petrobras cases |
| title_full |
Brazil in the fight against foreign bribery: Lessons from Odebrecht and Petrobras cases |
| title_fullStr |
Brazil in the fight against foreign bribery: Lessons from Odebrecht and Petrobras cases |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Brazil in the fight against foreign bribery: Lessons from Odebrecht and Petrobras cases |
| title_sort |
brazil in the fight against foreign bribery: lessons from odebrecht and petrobras cases |
| title_eng |
Brasil en la Lucha contra el Soborno Trasnacional: Lecciones de los casos Odebrecht y Petrobras |
| description |
With globalization expanding around the world during the 20th century, foreign bribery practices increased accordingly due to more and more financial and commercial transactions concluded across borders. Foreign bribery refers to unlawful payments to foreign government officials to assist in obtaining or retaining business. In Latin America, Brazil is the leading country in the prosecution and sanction of foreign bribery, having concluded several cases of foreign bribery, including a major one with substantial sanctions in 2016. The central question of the study from a legal point of view is what factors can explain Brazil’s results in prosecuting and sanctioning foreign bribery. The analysis of the resolution of bribery cases in Brazil shows that several main factors explain Brazil’s success. In fact, Brazilian authorities participate in a coordinated resolution with other authorities, such as the American authorities. This was the scenario in some well-known bribery cases, such as the Odebrecht and Petrobras cases. In a coordinated resolution, authorities justify their actions with their own legal basis, they use instruments to resolve cases without trial and they create a final agreement that permits dividing the fine between the countries involved.
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| description_eng |
Con la expansión de la globalización en todo el mundo durante el siglo XX, las prácticas de soborno trasnacional aumentaron debido a que cada vez se realizaron más transacciones financieras y comerciales a través de las fronteras. El soborno trasnacional se refiere a pagos ilegales a funcionarios de gobiernos extranjeros para obtener o retener negocios. En América Latina, Brasil es el país líder en la resolución de casos de soborno trasnacional, habiendo concluido varios casos, incluido uno con sanciones sustanciales en 2016. La pregunta del estudio se centra en los factores que pueden explicar, desde un punto de vista jurídico, los resultados de Brasil en tal resolución de casos de soborno trasnacional. El análisis de la resolución de casos en Brasil muestra que varios factores principales explican el éxito de Brasil. De hecho, las autoridades brasileñas participan en una resolución coordinada con otras autoridades, como las estadounidenses. Este fue el escenario en algunos casos de soborno muy conocidos, como los casos Odebrecht y Petrobras. En una resolución coordinada, las autoridades justifican sus acciones con sus propias bases legales, utilizan instrumentos para resolver casos sin tener que ir a juicio, a través de negociaciones, y crean un acuerdo final que permite dividir la multa pagada por la entidad jurídica entre los países involucrados.
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Korb, Anne-Sophie |
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Korb, Anne-Sophie |
| topicspa_str_mv |
Petrobras Brasil Petrobras acordo extrajudicial Corrupção transnacional Brasil Odebrecht Odebrecht Soborno trasnacional solución extrajudicial |
| topic |
Petrobras Brasil Petrobras acordo extrajudicial Corrupção transnacional Brasil Odebrecht Odebrecht Soborno trasnacional solución extrajudicial Foreign bribery non-trial resolution Odebrecht Petrobras Brazil |
| topic_facet |
Petrobras Brasil Petrobras acordo extrajudicial Corrupção transnacional Brasil Odebrecht Odebrecht Soborno trasnacional solución extrajudicial Foreign bribery non-trial resolution Odebrecht Petrobras Brazil |
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6 |
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Núm. 6 , Año 2023 : Enero - Diciembre |
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Tecnológico de Antioquia |
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Memorias Forenses |
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https://ojs.tdea.edu.co/index.php/mforenses/article/view/1215 |
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Inglés |
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Article |
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http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Anne-Sophie Korb - 2022 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0. |
| references_eng |
OECD. (2016). The liability of legal persons for foreign bribery: a stocktaking report. https://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/Liability-Legal-Persons-Foreign-Bribery-Stocktaking.pdf Stanford Law School. (September 16, 2022). Largest U.S. Monetary Sanctions By Entity Group. FCAP. https://fcpa.stanford.edu/statistics-top-ten.html SEC. (September 27, 2018). Petrobras reaches settlement with SEC for misleading Investors. https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2018-215 Laforge, G. (2017). The sum of its parts: coordinating Brazil’s fight against corruption. Innovations for Successful Societies. Princeton University. OECD. (2019). Resolving Foreign Bribery Cases with Non-Trial Resolutions: Settlements and Non-Trial Agreements by Parties to the Anti-Bribery Convention. https://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/Resolving-foreign-bribery-cases-with-non-trial-resolutions.pdf OECD. (2017). Phase 3 Follow-up. https://www.oecd.org/corruption/anti-bribery/Brazil-Phase-3-Written-Follow-Up-Report-ENG.pdf Ministério Público Federal. (2017). Estudo técnico. http://www.mpf.mp.br/atuacao-tematica/ccr5/notas-tecnicas/docs/nt-01-2017-5ccr-acordo-de-leniencia-comissao-leniencia.pdf OECD. (Decembre 17, 1997). Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. https://www.oecd.org/corruption/oecdantibriberyconvention.htmOECD. (2014). Phase 3 Report. https://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/Brazil-Phase-3-Report-EN.pdf OCDE. (2004). Rapport de phase 1. https://www.oecd.org/fr/daf/anti-corruption/conventioncontrelacorruption/33745828.pdf Lei 12.850 de 02 de agosto de 2013. Define organização criminosa e dispõe sobre a investigação criminal, os meios de obtenção da prova, infrações penais correlatas e o procedimento criminal. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2011-2014/2013/lei/l12850.htm Miller, M. (2014). Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General For the Criminal Division, “Remarks at the Global Investigation Review Program”. https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/remarks-principal-deputy-assistant-attorney-general-criminal-division-marshall-l-miller Ministério Público Federal. (September 24, 2014). Termo de Colaboração premiada. Ministério Público Federal. (December 14, 2016). Braskem, Termo de Acordo de Leniência. Transparência Internacional Brasil. (2018). Transparência em relatórios corporativos, As 100 maiores empresas e os 10 maiores bancos brasileiros. https://transparenciacorporativa.org.br/TI-TRAC-2018.pdf Ministério Público Federal. (December 01, 2016). Odebrecht, Termo de Acordo de Leniência. Superintendencia de Sociedades. (09 de julio de 2018). SuperSociedades impone multa de $5.078 millones a Inassa por soborno transnacional. Noticias. https://www.supersociedades.gov.co/Noticias/Paginas/2018/supersociedades-impone-multa-de-5-078-millones-a-inassa-por-soborno-transnacional.aspx United States Supreme Court. (1971). Santobello v. Transparency International. (2020). Exporting Corruption. https://www.transparency.org/en/projects/exporting-corruption Transparency International. (2022). What is corruption?. https://www.transparency.org/en/what-is-corruption United Nations. (2018). The costs of corruption: values, economic development under assault, trillions lost. https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/12/1027971 Yepes-López, G., García de la Torre C., &Schwalb Helguero M. (Eds.) (2019). Estado de las prácticas empresariales contra el soborno: primer estudio latinoamericano. https://www.pactoglobal-colombia.org/news/primer-estudio-latinoamericano-sobre-el-estado-de-las-practicas-empresariales-contra-el-soborno.html Janot, R. (2017b). The Role of Plea Bargains in the Fight Against Corruption in Brazil. Wilson Center, Event Sponsor: Brazil Institute. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/the-role-plea-bargains-the-fight-against-corruption-presentation-brazils-attorney-general United States of America against Odebrecht S.A. (2016). Plea Agreement. https://fcpa.stanford.edu/fcpac/documents/4000/003392.pdf United Nations Global Compact. (2018). Network Brazil, Integrity in the construction sector, discussing the challenges and proposing solutions to the industry, Global Compact Network Brazil. https://baselgovernance.org/publications/integrity-construction-sector United Nations Global Compact. (2015). A practical guide for collective action against corruption. https://www.unglobalcompact.org/library/1781 United Nations Convention against Corruption. (October 31, 2003). https://www.unodc.org/documents/brussels/UN_Convention_Against_Corruption.pdf Kiernan, P. (2014). Petrobras says received subpoena from SEC requesting documents. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/petrobras-says-received-subpoena-from-sec-requesting-documents-1416876432 Caiador, R. (August 19, 2019). Brazil: Handling Internal Investigations. Global Investigation Review. https://globalinvestigationsreview.com/review/the-investigations-review-of-the-americas/2020/article/brazil-handling-internal-investigations Janot, R. (2017a). Event Summary on “The Role of Plea Bargains in the Fight Against Corruption in Brazil”. Wilson Center, Event Sponsor: Brazil Institute. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/event/janot_summary.pdf Garapon, A., & Servan-Schreiber, P. (Dirs.). (2013). Deals de justice, Le marché américain de l’obéissance mondialisée. PUF. Fontana, A., & Marques, S. (2017). Transforming Brazil’s anti-corruption record – Interview with Dr. Silvio Antonio Marques. Chr. Michelsen Institute (U4 Practitioner Experience Note 2017:2). https://www.u4.no/publications/transforming-brazils-anti-corruption-record Ellis, M. (December 08, 2016). The FCPA in Latin America: Common Corruption Risks and Effective Compliance Strategies for the region. BookBaby. Department of Justice and Securities and Exchange Commission. (2012). A Resource Guide to the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. https://www.justice.gov/criminal-fraud/file/1292051/download Arrieta, L. (2014). Taking the Jetinho Out of Brazilian Procurement: The Impact of Brazil’s Anti-Bribery Law. Public Contract Law Journal, 44(1), 157-178 Department of Justice (2018). Petroleo Brasileiro S.A., Non-Prosecution Agreement, September 26: https://fcpa.stanford.edu/fcpac/documents/5000/003744.pdf Department of Justice. (October 03, 2017). Odebrecht and Braskem plead guilty and agree to pay at least $3.5 billion in global penalties to resolve largest foreign bribery Case in history. U.S. Department of Justice https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/odebrecht-and-braskem-plead-guilty-and-agree-pay-least-35-billion-global-penalties-resolve Boston Consulting Group. (15 de march de 2018). Why multilatinas hold key Latin America economic future. https://www.bcg.com/publications/2018/why-multilatinas-hold-key-latin-america-economic-future Brooks, B. (May 17, 2019). Exclusive: FBI targets Johnson & Johnson, Siemens, GE, Philips in Brazil graft case-source. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-corruption-healthcare-exclusiv-idUSKCN1SN0ZZ Department of Justice. (2016). Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, An Overview. https://www.justice.gov/criminal-fraud/foreign-corrupt-practices-act |
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