Optimal Early Termination in PPP Projects Based on Real Options Theory
La terminación anticipada es un mecanismo de compensación contractual implementado en proyectos de infraestructura de app, donde los inversionistas privados tienen derecho a abandonar el proyecto para mitigar riesgos como el de demanda. En este artículo utilizamos la teoría de opciones reales para valorar la terminación anticipada como una opción de abandono de un proyecto, en el que el riesgo de demanda y la tarifa de compensación se modelan asumiendo procesos estocásticos correlacionados. Así, se implementa el modelo de valoración de opciones con una solución analítica y se comparan los resultados con la técnica de simulación Monte Carlo. Los resultados confirman los beneficios que el mecanismo contractual ofrece a los inversionistas pri... Ver más
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Carlos Andrés Zapata Quimbayo, Carlos Armando Mejía Veja - 2024
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Optimal Early Termination in PPP Projects Based on Real Options Theory Ho, P., & Liu, L. (2002). An option pricing-based model for evaluating the financial viability of privatized infrastructure projects. Construction Management and Economics, 20(2), 143-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190110110533 Longstaff, F., & Schwartz, E. (2001). Valuing American options by simulation: a simple least-squares approach. The Review of Financial Studies, 14(1), 113-147. https:// doi.org/ 10.1093/rfs/14.1.113 Liu, J., Gao, R., & Cheah, C. (2017). Pricing mechanism of early termination of PPP projects based on real option theory. Journal of Management in Engineering, 33(6), 04017035. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000556 Liu, J., Yu, X. & Cheah, C. (2014). Evaluation of restrictive competition in PPP projects using real option approach. International Journal of Project Management, 32(3), 473-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.07.007 Liu, J., Love, P., Davis, P., Smith, J., & Regan, M. (2015). Conceptual framework for the performance measurement of public-private partnerships. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 21(1), 04014023. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)IS.1943-555X.0000210 Iyer, K., & Sagheer, M. (2011). A real options-based traffic risk mitigation model for build-operate-transfer highway projects in India. Construction Management and Economics, 29(8), 771-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2011.597412 Iossa, E., & Martimort, D. (2016). Corruption in PPPS, incentives and contract incom-pleteness. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 44(1), 85-100. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2015.10.007 Igrejas, R., Cordeiro, L. & Brandão, L. (2017). When is abandonment not an option? Dealing with PPP contract and government interests. Advances in Public-Private Partnerships–Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Public-Private Partnerships (pp. 486-498). https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784480267.038 Guasch, J. L., & Straub, S. (2009). Corruption and concession renegotiations.: Evidence from the water and transport sectors in Latin America. Utilities Policy, 17(2), 185-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2008.07.003 Merton, R. (1973). The theory of rational option pricing. The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, 4(1), 141-183. https://doi.org/10.2307/3003143 Guasch, J., Laffont, J., & Straub, S. (2007). Concessions of infrastructure in Latin America: Government-led renegotiation. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(7), 1267-1294. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.987 Grimsey, D., & Lewis, M. (2002). Evaluating the risks of public private partnerships for infrastructure projects. International Journal of Project Management, 20(2), 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(00)00040-5 Giraldo, A. (2019). Valoración del mecanismo de terminación anticipada en los con¬tratos de concesión 4G en Colombia. odeon, (16), 67-95. https://doi.org/10.18601/ 17941113.n16.04 Gatti, S. (2008). Project Finance in Theory and Practice. Project Finance in Theory and Practice. Oxford: Academic Press. Garvin, M., & Cheah, C. (2004). Valuation techniques for infrastructure investment decisions. Construction Management and Economics, 22(4), 373-83. https://doi. org/ 10.1080/01446190310001649010 Galilea, P., & Medda, F. (2010). Does the political and economic context influence the success of a transport project? An analysis of transport public–private partnerships. Research in Transportation Economics, 30(1), 102–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.retrec.2010.10.011 Feng, Z., Zhang, S., & Gao, Y. (2015). Modelling the impact of government guarantees on toll charge, road quality and capacity for Build-Operate-Transfer (bot) road projects. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 78(1), 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.tra.2015.05.006 Dixit, A., & Pindyck, R. (1994). Investment under Uncertainty. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Martins, J., Marques, R., & Cruz, C. (2015). Real options in infrastructure: Revisiting the literature. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 21(1), 04014026. https://doi.org/ 10.1061/(ASCE)is.1943-555X.0000188 McDonald, R., & Siegel, D. (1986). The value of waiting to invest. Quarterly Journal Economics, 101(4), 707-727. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884175 Clark, E. & Rousseau, P. (2002). Strategic parameters for capital budgeting when abandonment value is stochastic. Applied Financial Economics, 12(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603100110088049 Zapata Quimbayo, C.A., & Mejía Vega, C. A. (2022). Credit risk in infrastructure PPP projects under the real options approach. Construction Management and Economics 41(4), 293-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2022.2151023 Text http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREF http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Zhang, X., & Xiong, W. (2015). Renegotiation and early-termination in public private partnership. International Journal of Architecture, Engineering & Construction, 4(4), 204-213. http://dx.doi.org/10.7492/ijaec.2015.021 Myers, S., & Majd, S. (2001). Abandonment value and project life. In Real Options and Investment under Uncertainty: Classical Readings and Recent Contributions. Cambridge, 295-312. Yescombe, E. R. (2002). Principles of Project Finance. Academic Press. Wang, S., Dulaimi, M. & Aguria, M. (2004). Risk management framework for construction projects in developing countries. Construction Management and Economics, 22(3), 237-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144619032000124689 Xiong, W., Zhang, X., & Chen, H. (2015). Early-termination compensation in public– private partnership projects. Journal of Construction Engineering & Management, 142(4), 04015098. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001084 Xiong, W., & Han, Y. (2021). Incentives of Early Termination Compensation in Public–Private Partnership Projects. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2021.3074662 Trigeorgis, L. (1996). Real Options: Managerial Flexibility and Strategy in Resource Allocation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. Talus, K. (2009). Public–private partnerships in energy–termination of public service concessions and administrative acts in Europe. Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 2(1), 43-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwn023 Song, J., Yu, Y., Jin, L., & Feng, Z. (2018). Early termination compensation under demand uncertainty in public-private partnership projects. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 22(6), 532-543. https://doi.org/10.3846/ ijspm.2018.6049 Scott, R., & Triantis, G. (2004). Embedded Options and the Case against Compensation in Contract Law. Columbia Law Review, 104, 1428. Cox, J., Ross, S., & Rubinstein, M. (1979). Option pricing: A simplified approach. Journal of Financial Economics, 7(3), 229-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304- 405X(79)90015-1 Cheah, C., & Liu, J. (2006). Valuing governmental support in infrastructure projects as real options using Monte Carlo simulation. Construction Management and Economics, 24(5), 545-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190500435572 Caselli, S., Marciante, A. & Gatti, S. (2009). Pricing final indemnification payments to private sponsors in project-financed public-private partnerships: An application of real options valuation. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 21(3), 95-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6622.2009.00243.x Español La terminación anticipada es un mecanismo de compensación contractual implementado en proyectos de infraestructura de app, donde los inversionistas privados tienen derecho a abandonar el proyecto para mitigar riesgos como el de demanda. En este artículo utilizamos la teoría de opciones reales para valorar la terminación anticipada como una opción de abandono de un proyecto, en el que el riesgo de demanda y la tarifa de compensación se modelan asumiendo procesos estocásticos correlacionados. Así, se implementa el modelo de valoración de opciones con una solución analítica y se comparan los resultados con la técnica de simulación Monte Carlo. Los resultados confirman los beneficios que el mecanismo contractual ofrece a los inversionistas privados para mitigar riesgos y mejorar el valor del proyecto. Zapata Quimbayo, Carlos Andrés Mejía Veja, Carlos Armando proyectos de infraestructura; opción de abandono; mecanismo de terminación anticipada 25 Núm. 25 , Año 2023 : Julio-Diciembre Artículo de revista application/pdf Universidad Externado de Colombia ODEON https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/odeon/article/view/9339 Publication http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Carlos Andrés Zapata Quimbayo, Carlos Armando Mejía Veja - 2024 Carbonara, N., & Pellegrino, R. (2018). Revenue guarantee in public–private partnerships: a win–win model. Construction Management and Economics, 1-15. https:// doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2018.1467028 Cabero, F., Sánchez, A., & Lara, A. (2017). Default and abandonment option in mo¬torway concessions. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 23(1), 04016022. https:// doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)is.1943-555X.0000309 Buso, M., Dosi, C., & Moretto, M. (2019). Termination fees and contract design in public-private partnerships. Working paper No. 032.2018. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/191374/1/ndl2018-032.pdf Brennan, M., & Schwartz, E. (1985). Evaluating natural resource investments. The Journal of Business, 58(2), 135-157. Brandão, L., & Saraiva, E. (2008). The option value of government guarantees in infrastructure projects. Construction Management and Economics, 26(11), 1171- 1180. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190802428051 Bowe, M., & Lee, D. (2004). Project evaluation in the presence of multiple embedded real options: evidence from the Taiwan High-Speed Rail Project. Journal of Asian Economics, 15(1), 71-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2003.12.001 Black, F., & Scholes, M. (1973). The pricing of options and corporate liabilities. Journal of Political Economy, 81(3), 637-659. https://doi.org/10.1142/97898147595 88_0001 Attarzadeh, M., Chua, D., Beer, M., & Abbott, E. (2017). Options-based negotiation management of PPP–BOT infrastructure projects. Construction Management and Economics, 35(11-12), 676-692. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2017.1325962 Ashuri, B., Asce, M., Kashani, H., Molenaar, K., Asce, M., Lee, S. & Lu, J. (2012). Risk-neutral pricing approach for evaluating bot highway projects with government minimum revenue guarantee options. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(4), 545-557. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce) co.1943-7862.0000447 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. Ameyaw, E. & Chan, A. (2015). Evaluation and ranking of risk factors in public–private partnership water supply projects in developing countries using fuzzy synthetic evaluation approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 42(12), 5102-5116. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2015.02.041 option to abandon; Journal article Early termination is a contractual compensation mechanism implemented in PPP infrastructure projects where private investors have the right to abandon the project to mitigate risks such as traffic risk. In this paper we used the Real Options Theory to value early termination as an option to abandon a project where both the traffic risk and the compensation fee are modelled assuming correlated stochastic processes. The option pricing model was implemented with an analytical solution and results were compared with the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The results confirm the benefits that the contractual mechanism offers to private investors to mitigate risks, while at the same time improving a project’s value. Optimal Early Termination in PPP Projects Based on Real Options Theory Infrastructure projects; early termination mechanism 2024-03-21T11:15:55Z https://doi.org/10.18601/17941113.n25.06 10.18601/17941113.n25.06 2346-2140 2024-03-21T11:15:55Z https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/odeon/article/download/9339/15632 117 141 2024-03-21 1794-1113 |
institution |
UNIVERSIDAD EXTERNADO DE COLOMBIA |
thumbnail |
https://nuevo.metarevistas.org/UNIVERSIDADEXTERNADODECOLOMBIA/logo.png |
country_str |
Colombia |
collection |
Revista ODEON |
title |
Optimal Early Termination in PPP Projects Based on Real Options Theory |
spellingShingle |
Optimal Early Termination in PPP Projects Based on Real Options Theory Zapata Quimbayo, Carlos Andrés Mejía Veja, Carlos Armando proyectos de infraestructura; opción de abandono; mecanismo de terminación anticipada option to abandon; Infrastructure projects; early termination mechanism |
title_short |
Optimal Early Termination in PPP Projects Based on Real Options Theory |
title_full |
Optimal Early Termination in PPP Projects Based on Real Options Theory |
title_fullStr |
Optimal Early Termination in PPP Projects Based on Real Options Theory |
title_full_unstemmed |
Optimal Early Termination in PPP Projects Based on Real Options Theory |
title_sort |
optimal early termination in ppp projects based on real options theory |
title_eng |
Optimal Early Termination in PPP Projects Based on Real Options Theory |
description |
La terminación anticipada es un mecanismo de compensación contractual implementado en proyectos de infraestructura de app, donde los inversionistas privados tienen derecho a abandonar el proyecto para mitigar riesgos como el de demanda. En este artículo utilizamos la teoría de opciones reales para valorar la terminación anticipada como una opción de abandono de un proyecto, en el que el riesgo de demanda y la tarifa de compensación se modelan asumiendo procesos estocásticos correlacionados. Así, se implementa el modelo de valoración de opciones con una solución analítica y se comparan los resultados con la técnica de simulación Monte Carlo. Los resultados confirman los beneficios que el mecanismo contractual ofrece a los inversionistas privados para mitigar riesgos y mejorar el valor del proyecto.
|
description_eng |
Early termination is a contractual compensation mechanism implemented in PPP infrastructure projects where private investors have the right to abandon the project to mitigate risks such as traffic risk. In this paper we used the Real Options Theory to value early termination as an option to abandon a project where both the traffic risk and the compensation fee are modelled assuming correlated stochastic processes. The option pricing model was implemented with an analytical solution and results were compared with the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The results confirm the benefits that the contractual mechanism offers to private investors to mitigate risks, while at the same time improving a project’s value.
|
author |
Zapata Quimbayo, Carlos Andrés Mejía Veja, Carlos Armando |
author_facet |
Zapata Quimbayo, Carlos Andrés Mejía Veja, Carlos Armando |
topicspa_str_mv |
proyectos de infraestructura; opción de abandono; mecanismo de terminación anticipada |
topic |
proyectos de infraestructura; opción de abandono; mecanismo de terminación anticipada option to abandon; Infrastructure projects; early termination mechanism |
topic_facet |
proyectos de infraestructura; opción de abandono; mecanismo de terminación anticipada option to abandon; Infrastructure projects; early termination mechanism |
citationissue |
25 |
citationedition |
Núm. 25 , Año 2023 : Julio-Diciembre |
publisher |
Universidad Externado de Colombia |
ispartofjournal |
ODEON |
source |
https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/odeon/article/view/9339 |
language |
Español |
format |
Article |
rights |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Carlos Andrés Zapata Quimbayo, Carlos Armando Mejía Veja - 2024 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. |
references |
Ho, P., & Liu, L. (2002). An option pricing-based model for evaluating the financial viability of privatized infrastructure projects. Construction Management and Economics, 20(2), 143-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190110110533 Longstaff, F., & Schwartz, E. (2001). Valuing American options by simulation: a simple least-squares approach. The Review of Financial Studies, 14(1), 113-147. https:// doi.org/ 10.1093/rfs/14.1.113 Liu, J., Gao, R., & Cheah, C. (2017). Pricing mechanism of early termination of PPP projects based on real option theory. Journal of Management in Engineering, 33(6), 04017035. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000556 Liu, J., Yu, X. & Cheah, C. (2014). Evaluation of restrictive competition in PPP projects using real option approach. International Journal of Project Management, 32(3), 473-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.07.007 Liu, J., Love, P., Davis, P., Smith, J., & Regan, M. (2015). Conceptual framework for the performance measurement of public-private partnerships. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 21(1), 04014023. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)IS.1943-555X.0000210 Iyer, K., & Sagheer, M. (2011). A real options-based traffic risk mitigation model for build-operate-transfer highway projects in India. Construction Management and Economics, 29(8), 771-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2011.597412 Iossa, E., & Martimort, D. (2016). Corruption in PPPS, incentives and contract incom-pleteness. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 44(1), 85-100. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2015.10.007 Igrejas, R., Cordeiro, L. & Brandão, L. (2017). When is abandonment not an option? Dealing with PPP contract and government interests. Advances in Public-Private Partnerships–Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Public-Private Partnerships (pp. 486-498). https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784480267.038 Guasch, J. L., & Straub, S. (2009). Corruption and concession renegotiations.: Evidence from the water and transport sectors in Latin America. Utilities Policy, 17(2), 185-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2008.07.003 Merton, R. (1973). The theory of rational option pricing. The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, 4(1), 141-183. https://doi.org/10.2307/3003143 Guasch, J., Laffont, J., & Straub, S. (2007). Concessions of infrastructure in Latin America: Government-led renegotiation. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(7), 1267-1294. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.987 Grimsey, D., & Lewis, M. (2002). Evaluating the risks of public private partnerships for infrastructure projects. International Journal of Project Management, 20(2), 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(00)00040-5 Giraldo, A. (2019). Valoración del mecanismo de terminación anticipada en los con¬tratos de concesión 4G en Colombia. odeon, (16), 67-95. https://doi.org/10.18601/ 17941113.n16.04 Gatti, S. (2008). Project Finance in Theory and Practice. Project Finance in Theory and Practice. Oxford: Academic Press. Garvin, M., & Cheah, C. (2004). Valuation techniques for infrastructure investment decisions. Construction Management and Economics, 22(4), 373-83. https://doi. org/ 10.1080/01446190310001649010 Galilea, P., & Medda, F. (2010). Does the political and economic context influence the success of a transport project? An analysis of transport public–private partnerships. Research in Transportation Economics, 30(1), 102–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.retrec.2010.10.011 Feng, Z., Zhang, S., & Gao, Y. (2015). Modelling the impact of government guarantees on toll charge, road quality and capacity for Build-Operate-Transfer (bot) road projects. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 78(1), 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.tra.2015.05.006 Dixit, A., & Pindyck, R. (1994). Investment under Uncertainty. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Martins, J., Marques, R., & Cruz, C. (2015). Real options in infrastructure: Revisiting the literature. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 21(1), 04014026. https://doi.org/ 10.1061/(ASCE)is.1943-555X.0000188 McDonald, R., & Siegel, D. (1986). The value of waiting to invest. Quarterly Journal Economics, 101(4), 707-727. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884175 Clark, E. & Rousseau, P. (2002). Strategic parameters for capital budgeting when abandonment value is stochastic. Applied Financial Economics, 12(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603100110088049 Zapata Quimbayo, C.A., & Mejía Vega, C. A. (2022). Credit risk in infrastructure PPP projects under the real options approach. Construction Management and Economics 41(4), 293-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2022.2151023 Zhang, X., & Xiong, W. (2015). Renegotiation and early-termination in public private partnership. International Journal of Architecture, Engineering & Construction, 4(4), 204-213. http://dx.doi.org/10.7492/ijaec.2015.021 Myers, S., & Majd, S. (2001). Abandonment value and project life. In Real Options and Investment under Uncertainty: Classical Readings and Recent Contributions. Cambridge, 295-312. Yescombe, E. R. (2002). Principles of Project Finance. Academic Press. Wang, S., Dulaimi, M. & Aguria, M. (2004). Risk management framework for construction projects in developing countries. Construction Management and Economics, 22(3), 237-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144619032000124689 Xiong, W., Zhang, X., & Chen, H. (2015). Early-termination compensation in public– private partnership projects. Journal of Construction Engineering & Management, 142(4), 04015098. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001084 Xiong, W., & Han, Y. (2021). Incentives of Early Termination Compensation in Public–Private Partnership Projects. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2021.3074662 Trigeorgis, L. (1996). Real Options: Managerial Flexibility and Strategy in Resource Allocation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. Talus, K. (2009). Public–private partnerships in energy–termination of public service concessions and administrative acts in Europe. Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 2(1), 43-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwn023 Song, J., Yu, Y., Jin, L., & Feng, Z. (2018). Early termination compensation under demand uncertainty in public-private partnership projects. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 22(6), 532-543. https://doi.org/10.3846/ ijspm.2018.6049 Scott, R., & Triantis, G. (2004). Embedded Options and the Case against Compensation in Contract Law. Columbia Law Review, 104, 1428. Cox, J., Ross, S., & Rubinstein, M. (1979). Option pricing: A simplified approach. Journal of Financial Economics, 7(3), 229-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304- 405X(79)90015-1 Cheah, C., & Liu, J. (2006). Valuing governmental support in infrastructure projects as real options using Monte Carlo simulation. Construction Management and Economics, 24(5), 545-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190500435572 Caselli, S., Marciante, A. & Gatti, S. (2009). Pricing final indemnification payments to private sponsors in project-financed public-private partnerships: An application of real options valuation. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 21(3), 95-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6622.2009.00243.x Carbonara, N., & Pellegrino, R. (2018). Revenue guarantee in public–private partnerships: a win–win model. Construction Management and Economics, 1-15. https:// doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2018.1467028 Cabero, F., Sánchez, A., & Lara, A. (2017). Default and abandonment option in mo¬torway concessions. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 23(1), 04016022. https:// doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)is.1943-555X.0000309 Buso, M., Dosi, C., & Moretto, M. (2019). Termination fees and contract design in public-private partnerships. Working paper No. 032.2018. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/191374/1/ndl2018-032.pdf Brennan, M., & Schwartz, E. (1985). Evaluating natural resource investments. The Journal of Business, 58(2), 135-157. Brandão, L., & Saraiva, E. (2008). The option value of government guarantees in infrastructure projects. Construction Management and Economics, 26(11), 1171- 1180. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190802428051 Bowe, M., & Lee, D. (2004). Project evaluation in the presence of multiple embedded real options: evidence from the Taiwan High-Speed Rail Project. Journal of Asian Economics, 15(1), 71-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2003.12.001 Black, F., & Scholes, M. (1973). The pricing of options and corporate liabilities. Journal of Political Economy, 81(3), 637-659. https://doi.org/10.1142/97898147595 88_0001 Attarzadeh, M., Chua, D., Beer, M., & Abbott, E. (2017). Options-based negotiation management of PPP–BOT infrastructure projects. Construction Management and Economics, 35(11-12), 676-692. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2017.1325962 Ashuri, B., Asce, M., Kashani, H., Molenaar, K., Asce, M., Lee, S. & Lu, J. (2012). Risk-neutral pricing approach for evaluating bot highway projects with government minimum revenue guarantee options. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(4), 545-557. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce) co.1943-7862.0000447 Ameyaw, E. & Chan, A. (2015). Evaluation and ranking of risk factors in public–private partnership water supply projects in developing countries using fuzzy synthetic evaluation approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 42(12), 5102-5116. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2015.02.041 |
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