Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación
La rivalidad entre Arabia Saudí y la República Islámica de Irán conforma una de las características más significativas del panorama político de Medio Oriente. Durante muchos años, estos dos países han luchado por el poder y la influencia regional. Este artículo analiza esa relación de competencia. En primer lugar, se describen los antecedentes históricos de la relación entre los dos países. En segundo lugar, se consideran los factores geopolíticos que dan forma a la rivalidad entre saudíes e iraníes y, posteriormente, se analizan los principales escenarios geográficos de confrontación, las narrativas religiosas enfrentadas, así como las capacidades y la vulnerabilidad económica y militar de ambos países. Finalmente, el artículo plantea una... Ver más
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Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación Hussain, M. (2016). Saudi intervention in Yemen and its impact on Saudi’s economy. Foreign Policy News. Recuperado de http://foreignpolicynews.org/2016/12/11/saudi-intervention-yemenimpact-saudis-economy/ Lynch, M. (2015). Obama and the Middle East. Foreign Affairs, 94. Liebl, V. (2012). Oil war: Iran & the military balance in the Persian Gulf. Modern War, 2. Khomeini, R. (1989). Imam Khomeini’s Last Will and Testament. Recuperado de https://www.al-islam.org/printpdf/book/export/html/39086 Khomeini, R. (1987). Excerpts from khomeini speeches. The New York Times. Recuperado de http://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/04/world/excerpts-fromkhomeini- speeches.html Khalkhali, A. M. (2017). Riyadh has no intention of reconciliation. Iran Diplomacy. Recuperado de http://irdiplomacy.ir/en/page/1960998/Riyadh+Has+No+Intention+of+Reconciliation.html Keynoush, B. (2016). Saudi Arabia and Iran: Friends or foes? London: Palgrave Macmillan. Javad Zarif, M. (2016). Let us rid the world of wahhabism. The New York Times. Recuperado de https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/14/opinion/mohammad-javad-zarif-let-us-rid-the-world-ofwahhabism.html Iranian Students News Agency (ISNA) (2015). ذوفن تمظع هب شتاراهظا رد وهایناتن:یسنوی تسا هدرک فارتعا ناریا . Recuperado de http://www.isna.ir/news/ -یسنوی/ 93121709862 -ناریا-ذوفن-تمظع-هب-شتاراهظا-رد-وهایناتن تسا-هدرک-فارتعا Hearst, D. (2014). Saudi Crapshoot in Yemen. Huffington Post. Recuperado de http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-hearst/saudi-high-risk-betin-ye_b_5895984.html Matthiesen, T. (2013). Sectarian Gulf: Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the Arab Spring That Wasn’t. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Halliday, F. (1981). Irán: dictadura y desarrollo. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica. Goodarzi, J. M. (2009). Syria and Iran: Diplomatic alliance and power politics in the Middle East. London: I. B. Tauris. Goodarzi, J. M. (2013). Syria and Iran: Alliance cooperation in a changing regional environment. Ortadoğu Etütleri, 4 (2). Ghitis, F. (2017). Is the diplomatic tide shifting in the rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran? World Politics Review. Recuperado de: http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/22111/is-thediplomatic-tide-shifting-in-the-rivalry-betweensaudi-arabia-and-iran Gause, G. (2016). The future of U.S.-Saudi relations. Foreign Affairs, 95. Gause, G. (2002). The foreign policy of Saudi Arabia. En Hinnebusch, Raymond y Ehteshami, Anoushiravan (eds.). The Foreign Policies of Middle East States. Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Furtig, H. (2006). Iran’s Rivalry with Saudi Arabia Between the Gulf Wars. Durham Durham Middle East Monographs. Fouche, G. (2017). Iran says Saudi supports militants on its turf after attacks. Reuters. Recuperado de https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gulf-qatarsaudi-iran-idUSKBN1941CJ Mabon, S. (2013). Saudi Arabia & Iran: Soft Power Rivalry in the Middle East. London: I. B. Tauris. NBCnews (2008). Lebanon unity deal gives Hezbollah veto power. NBCnews. Recuperado de http://www.nbcnews.com/id/25637594/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/t/lebanon-unity-dealgives-hezbollah-veto-power/ Cordesman, A. H. (2004). The Military Balance in the Middle East. London. Praeger. Zarif, M. J. (2016). Mohammad Javad Zarif: Let us rid the world of wahhabism. The New York Times. Recuperado de https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/14/opinion/mohammad-javadzarif-let-us-rid-the-world-of-wahhabism.html Text http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREF http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:eu-repo/semantics/article World Atlas (2017). The world’s largest oil reserves by country. Recuperado de http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-world-s-largest-oil-reserves-bycountry. html Reuters (2017). Iran minister warns Saudi Arabia after ‘battle’ comments: Tasnim. Reuters. Recuperado de http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-saudiminister-idUSKBN1830Y7 WikiLeaks (2008). Saudi King Abdullah and senior princes on saudi policy toward Iraq. Recuperado de https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08RIYADH649_a.html The Soufan Group (2015). Foreign Fighters: An Updated Assessment of the Flow of Foreign Fighters into Syria and Iraq. New York. The Independent (2016). Iranian Supreme Leader vows ‘divine vengeance’ on Saudi Arabian politicians after execution of Nimr al-Nimr. The Independent. Recuperado de http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/nimr-al-nimrexecution-saudi-arabian-embassy-in-tehranattacked-by-protesters-a6794271.html Tehran Times. (2017). Kerry reveals certain states’ call for bombing Iran. Recuperado de http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/414281/Kerry-revealscertain-states-call-for-bombing-Iran. Terril, W. A. (2011). The Saudi-Iranian Rivalry and the Future of Middle East Security. Washington D.C. Strategic Studies Institute. Tehran Times (2016). Velayati says he is confident Saudi Arabia will face military defeat in Yemen. Recuperado de http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/251962/Velayati-says-he-is-confident-Saudi-Arabia-will-face-military Sputnik News (2016). Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister accuses iraqi shiite militia of mass killings. Recuperado de https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201612271049020235-saudi-accuseiraq-militia/ Shanahan, R. (2016). La lucha con Irán por el liderazgo regional: Siria y la guerra en Yemen como escenarios. Vanguardia Dossier, 61. Sahimi, M. (2009). Who supports Jundallah? Recuperado de http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/10/jundallah.html Schneider, H. (2001). Saudi pact with Iran is sign of growing trust. The Washington Post. Recuperado de https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/04/17/saudi-pact-with-iran-is-signof-growing-trust/fbdde133-8ef9-48d2-9deb-5393b7f314d4/?utm_term=.468b5c105201 El Khoury, B. (2017). Michel Aoun’s Double Game. The Cairo Review of Global Affairs. Recuperado de https://www.thecairoreview.com/tahrir-forum/michel-aouns-double-game/ Dawn (2016). Saudi Arabia’s grand mufti says Iranians are ‘not Muslims’. Recuperado de https://www.dawn.com/news/1282493 CIA (2017). CIA World Fact Book. Recuperado de https:// www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/rankorder/2253rank.html Oasis La rivalidad entre Arabia Saudí y la República Islámica de Irán conforma una de las características más significativas del panorama político de Medio Oriente. Durante muchos años, estos dos países han luchado por el poder y la influencia regional. Este artículo analiza esa relación de competencia. En primer lugar, se describen los antecedentes históricos de la relación entre los dos países. En segundo lugar, se consideran los factores geopolíticos que dan forma a la rivalidad entre saudíes e iraníes y, posteriormente, se analizan los principales escenarios geográficos de confrontación, las narrativas religiosas enfrentadas, así como las capacidades y la vulnerabilidad económica y militar de ambos países. Finalmente, el artículo plantea una consideración hipotética sobre un conflicto militar entre ambos países. El artículo demuestra que –hasta el momento– la disputa por el poder y la influencia regional favorece los intereses de Irán; sin embargo, dada la naturaleza de las alianzas regionales y extrarregionales, una escalada del conflicto al ámbito militar no favorecería los intereses de Teherán. Moya Mena, Sergio I. Irán Arabia Saudí política exterior geopolítica sectarismo. 27 Núm. 27 , Año 2018 : Enero-Junio Artículo de revista application/pdf text/html application/xml Facultad de Finanzas, Gobierno y Relaciones Internacionales Publication Algar, H. (2002). Wahhabism: A critical essay. New York: Islamic Publications Interational.al-Rasheed, M. (2003). Historia de Arabia Saudí. Madrid: Cambridge University Press. Al Arabiya (2012). Saudi foreign minister says supporting Syrian opposition is a ‘duty’. Recuperado de https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/03/31/204429.html https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/view/5327 Bowen, W. H. (2008) The History of Saudi Arabia. Westport: Greenwood Press. Baer, R. (2004). Sleeping with the Devil: How Washington Sold Our Soul for Saudi Crude. New York: Three Rivers Press. Español https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Álvarez-Ossorio, I. (2016). Siria: revolución, sectarismo y yihad. Madrid: Catarata. Black, I. (2015). Iran’s advances create alarm in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf. The Guardian. Recuperado de https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/13/irans-advances-create-alarm-in-saudiarabia-and-the-gulf al-Saud, F. b S. (2003). Iran, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Power Politics in Transition 1968-1971. London: I. B. Tauris. Alami, M. (2016). Will Gulf sanctions impact Lebanon’s banking sector? Al Monitor. Recuperado de http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/zh/originals/2016/03/lebanon-gcc-decision-bankingsector.html geopolitics Journal article foreign policy Saudi Arabia Iran Iran and Saudi Arabia, Geopolitical Rivalries and Confrontation Scenarios The rivalry between Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the most significant features of the contemporary Middle East. For many years, these two countries have fought for regional power and influence. This article analyzes this relationship of competition by first, describing the historical background of the relationship between the two countries. Secondly, the paper analyzes the geopolitical factors that shape the rivalry between Saudis and Iranians, and later, the main geographic confrontation scenarios, the rival religious narratives, as well as the economic and military capacities and vulnerabilities of both countries are analyzed. Finally, the article raises a hypothetical consideration of a military conflict between the two countries. The article demonstrates that -so far- the dispute over power and regional influence favors Iran’s interests; however, given the nature of regional and extra-regional alliances, an escalation of the conflict to the military level would not favor the interests of Tehran. sectarianism. https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/5327/8982 2346-2132 https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/5327/6691 https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/5327/6509 1657-7558 66 47 2018-05-08T00:00:00Z 2018-05-08T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.18601/16577558.n27.04 10.18601/16577558.n27.04 2018-05-08 |
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| title |
Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación |
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Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación Moya Mena, Sergio I. Irán Arabia Saudí política exterior geopolítica sectarismo. geopolitics foreign policy Saudi Arabia Iran sectarianism. |
| title_short |
Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación |
| title_full |
Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación |
| title_fullStr |
Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación |
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irán y arabia saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación |
| title_eng |
Iran and Saudi Arabia, Geopolitical Rivalries and Confrontation Scenarios |
| description |
La rivalidad entre Arabia Saudí y la República Islámica de Irán conforma una de las características más significativas del panorama político de Medio Oriente. Durante muchos años, estos dos países han luchado por el poder y la influencia regional. Este artículo analiza esa relación de competencia. En primer lugar, se describen los antecedentes históricos de la relación entre los dos países. En segundo lugar, se consideran los factores geopolíticos que dan forma a la rivalidad entre saudíes e iraníes y, posteriormente, se analizan los principales escenarios geográficos de confrontación, las narrativas religiosas enfrentadas, así como las capacidades y la vulnerabilidad económica y militar de ambos países. Finalmente, el artículo plantea una consideración hipotética sobre un conflicto militar entre ambos países. El artículo demuestra que –hasta el momento– la disputa por el poder y la influencia regional favorece los intereses de Irán; sin embargo, dada la naturaleza de las alianzas regionales y extrarregionales, una escalada del conflicto al ámbito militar no favorecería los intereses de Teherán.
|
| description_eng |
The rivalry between Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the most significant features of the contemporary Middle East. For many years, these two countries have fought for regional power and influence. This article analyzes this relationship of competition by first, describing the historical background of the relationship between the two countries. Secondly, the paper analyzes the geopolitical factors that shape the rivalry between Saudis and Iranians, and later, the main geographic confrontation scenarios, the rival religious narratives, as well as the economic and military capacities and vulnerabilities of both countries are analyzed. Finally, the article raises a hypothetical consideration of a military conflict between the two countries. The article demonstrates that -so far- the dispute over power and regional influence favors Iran’s interests; however, given the nature of regional and extra-regional alliances, an escalation of the conflict to the military level would not favor the interests of Tehran.
|
| author |
Moya Mena, Sergio I. |
| author_facet |
Moya Mena, Sergio I. |
| topicspa_str_mv |
Irán Arabia Saudí política exterior geopolítica sectarismo. |
| topic |
Irán Arabia Saudí política exterior geopolítica sectarismo. geopolitics foreign policy Saudi Arabia Iran sectarianism. |
| topic_facet |
Irán Arabia Saudí política exterior geopolítica sectarismo. geopolitics foreign policy Saudi Arabia Iran sectarianism. |
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27 |
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Núm. 27 , Año 2018 : Enero-Junio |
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Facultad de Finanzas, Gobierno y Relaciones Internacionales |
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Oasis |
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https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/view/5327 |
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Español |
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Article |
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http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
| references |
Hussain, M. (2016). Saudi intervention in Yemen and its impact on Saudi’s economy. Foreign Policy News. Recuperado de http://foreignpolicynews.org/2016/12/11/saudi-intervention-yemenimpact-saudis-economy/ Lynch, M. (2015). Obama and the Middle East. Foreign Affairs, 94. Liebl, V. (2012). Oil war: Iran & the military balance in the Persian Gulf. Modern War, 2. Khomeini, R. (1989). Imam Khomeini’s Last Will and Testament. Recuperado de https://www.al-islam.org/printpdf/book/export/html/39086 Khomeini, R. (1987). Excerpts from khomeini speeches. The New York Times. Recuperado de http://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/04/world/excerpts-fromkhomeini- speeches.html Khalkhali, A. M. (2017). Riyadh has no intention of reconciliation. Iran Diplomacy. Recuperado de http://irdiplomacy.ir/en/page/1960998/Riyadh+Has+No+Intention+of+Reconciliation.html Keynoush, B. (2016). Saudi Arabia and Iran: Friends or foes? London: Palgrave Macmillan. Javad Zarif, M. (2016). Let us rid the world of wahhabism. The New York Times. Recuperado de https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/14/opinion/mohammad-javad-zarif-let-us-rid-the-world-ofwahhabism.html Iranian Students News Agency (ISNA) (2015). ذوفن تمظع هب شتاراهظا رد وهایناتن:یسنوی تسا هدرک فارتعا ناریا . Recuperado de http://www.isna.ir/news/ -یسنوی/ 93121709862 -ناریا-ذوفن-تمظع-هب-شتاراهظا-رد-وهایناتن تسا-هدرک-فارتعا Hearst, D. (2014). Saudi Crapshoot in Yemen. Huffington Post. Recuperado de http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-hearst/saudi-high-risk-betin-ye_b_5895984.html Matthiesen, T. (2013). Sectarian Gulf: Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the Arab Spring That Wasn’t. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Halliday, F. (1981). Irán: dictadura y desarrollo. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica. Goodarzi, J. M. (2009). Syria and Iran: Diplomatic alliance and power politics in the Middle East. London: I. B. Tauris. Goodarzi, J. M. (2013). Syria and Iran: Alliance cooperation in a changing regional environment. Ortadoğu Etütleri, 4 (2). Ghitis, F. (2017). Is the diplomatic tide shifting in the rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran? World Politics Review. Recuperado de: http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/22111/is-thediplomatic-tide-shifting-in-the-rivalry-betweensaudi-arabia-and-iran Gause, G. (2016). The future of U.S.-Saudi relations. Foreign Affairs, 95. Gause, G. (2002). The foreign policy of Saudi Arabia. En Hinnebusch, Raymond y Ehteshami, Anoushiravan (eds.). The Foreign Policies of Middle East States. Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Furtig, H. (2006). Iran’s Rivalry with Saudi Arabia Between the Gulf Wars. Durham Durham Middle East Monographs. Fouche, G. (2017). Iran says Saudi supports militants on its turf after attacks. Reuters. Recuperado de https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gulf-qatarsaudi-iran-idUSKBN1941CJ Mabon, S. (2013). Saudi Arabia & Iran: Soft Power Rivalry in the Middle East. London: I. B. Tauris. NBCnews (2008). Lebanon unity deal gives Hezbollah veto power. NBCnews. Recuperado de http://www.nbcnews.com/id/25637594/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/t/lebanon-unity-dealgives-hezbollah-veto-power/ Cordesman, A. H. (2004). The Military Balance in the Middle East. London. Praeger. Zarif, M. J. (2016). Mohammad Javad Zarif: Let us rid the world of wahhabism. The New York Times. Recuperado de https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/14/opinion/mohammad-javadzarif-let-us-rid-the-world-of-wahhabism.html World Atlas (2017). The world’s largest oil reserves by country. Recuperado de http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-world-s-largest-oil-reserves-bycountry. html Reuters (2017). Iran minister warns Saudi Arabia after ‘battle’ comments: Tasnim. Reuters. Recuperado de http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-saudiminister-idUSKBN1830Y7 WikiLeaks (2008). Saudi King Abdullah and senior princes on saudi policy toward Iraq. Recuperado de https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08RIYADH649_a.html The Soufan Group (2015). Foreign Fighters: An Updated Assessment of the Flow of Foreign Fighters into Syria and Iraq. New York. The Independent (2016). Iranian Supreme Leader vows ‘divine vengeance’ on Saudi Arabian politicians after execution of Nimr al-Nimr. The Independent. Recuperado de http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/nimr-al-nimrexecution-saudi-arabian-embassy-in-tehranattacked-by-protesters-a6794271.html Tehran Times. (2017). Kerry reveals certain states’ call for bombing Iran. Recuperado de http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/414281/Kerry-revealscertain-states-call-for-bombing-Iran. Terril, W. A. (2011). The Saudi-Iranian Rivalry and the Future of Middle East Security. Washington D.C. Strategic Studies Institute. Tehran Times (2016). Velayati says he is confident Saudi Arabia will face military defeat in Yemen. Recuperado de http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/251962/Velayati-says-he-is-confident-Saudi-Arabia-will-face-military Sputnik News (2016). Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister accuses iraqi shiite militia of mass killings. Recuperado de https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201612271049020235-saudi-accuseiraq-militia/ Shanahan, R. (2016). La lucha con Irán por el liderazgo regional: Siria y la guerra en Yemen como escenarios. Vanguardia Dossier, 61. Sahimi, M. (2009). Who supports Jundallah? Recuperado de http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/10/jundallah.html Schneider, H. (2001). Saudi pact with Iran is sign of growing trust. The Washington Post. Recuperado de https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/04/17/saudi-pact-with-iran-is-signof-growing-trust/fbdde133-8ef9-48d2-9deb-5393b7f314d4/?utm_term=.468b5c105201 El Khoury, B. (2017). Michel Aoun’s Double Game. The Cairo Review of Global Affairs. Recuperado de https://www.thecairoreview.com/tahrir-forum/michel-aouns-double-game/ Dawn (2016). Saudi Arabia’s grand mufti says Iranians are ‘not Muslims’. Recuperado de https://www.dawn.com/news/1282493 CIA (2017). CIA World Fact Book. Recuperado de https:// www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/rankorder/2253rank.html Algar, H. (2002). Wahhabism: A critical essay. New York: Islamic Publications Interational.al-Rasheed, M. (2003). Historia de Arabia Saudí. Madrid: Cambridge University Press. Al Arabiya (2012). Saudi foreign minister says supporting Syrian opposition is a ‘duty’. Recuperado de https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/03/31/204429.html Bowen, W. H. (2008) The History of Saudi Arabia. Westport: Greenwood Press. Baer, R. (2004). Sleeping with the Devil: How Washington Sold Our Soul for Saudi Crude. New York: Three Rivers Press. Álvarez-Ossorio, I. (2016). Siria: revolución, sectarismo y yihad. Madrid: Catarata. Black, I. (2015). Iran’s advances create alarm in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf. The Guardian. Recuperado de https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/13/irans-advances-create-alarm-in-saudiarabia-and-the-gulf al-Saud, F. b S. (2003). Iran, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Power Politics in Transition 1968-1971. London: I. B. Tauris. Alami, M. (2016). Will Gulf sanctions impact Lebanon’s banking sector? Al Monitor. Recuperado de http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/zh/originals/2016/03/lebanon-gcc-decision-bankingsector.html |
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